5 A’s of tourism Essay

Developing a suitable combination of these factors is at the heart of tourism planning. Attractions Tourists are motivated to leave their normal place of residence (the origin market) and travel to destinations. What they are actually travelling to can be considered the attraction base of the destination area. A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, or amusement opportunities. Some examples include historical places, monuments, zoos, museums and art galleries, botanical gardens, buildings and structures (e.g. castles, libraries, former prisons, skyscrapers, bridges), national parks and forests, theme parks and carnivals, ethnic enclave communities, historic trains and cultural events. Many tourist attractions are also landmarks. Tourist attractions are also created to capitalise on unexplained phenomena such as a supposed UFO crash site near Roswell, New Mexico and the alleged Loch Ness monster sightings in Scotland. Ghost sightings also make tourist at tractions. Attractions also include the activities (another ‘A’) that can be undertaken at the destination. These may be physical, for example, diving and white water rafting or they may be passive, for example, sunbaking and relaxing on a beach. Access Transport is needed to physically move tourists from where they live to where they are visiting. Globally, air transport dominates the movement of  international visitors. In Australia roads and private motor vehicles serve as significant forms of access. Sealed roads offer greater opportunities for vehicle access. A healthy ground touring sector, either day or extended coach tours, is also required to serve the needs of tourists who prefer not to transport themselves. Accommodation All destinations need accommodation nearby otherwise tourists will have nowhere to sleep. This seems basic enough but investors will only invest in accommodation infrastructure if there is sufficient economic return. Many areas of Australia are blessed with excellent attractions and are readily accessible but (for a whole range of reasons) lack tourist accommodation. In recent years the market has seen a proliferation of accommodation types from basic camping and backpacking facilities to mega-resorts. Successful accommodation development, more then ever before, depends on building the right type of facility to suit the needs of a profitable segment of the market. Amenities Amenities are the services that are required to meet the needs of tourists while they are away from home. They include public toilets, signage, retail shopping, restaurants and cafes, visitor centres, telecommunications and emergency services. Because many of the amenities are government services delivered by local, state and national agencies, a high degree of co-operation is needed, particularly where tourist services may be seen to be competing with the needs of local residents. Awareness Having the best attractions, access, accommodation and amenities in the world is totally useless if the awareness factor is missing. Awareness in this sense has three meanings. Firstly, the local population must have a positive attitude (another A) toward tourism. If the local community sees â€Å"tourists as terrorists† then this will have a negative impact. Secondly, those in the front line of tourism, that is, those who directly interface with tourists must have strong, positive attitudes towards tourists. This includes the shops, post offices, road houses and the many other businesses that come in contact with tourists, not just the hotels and restaurants. In all a local community must be made aware of the value of tourism. The third plank in the  awareness platform is market awareness. The destination or more importantly, the destination’s image must be a strong, positive one and firmly implanted in the tourist’s mind

Joints and Body Movements

Joints and Body Movements Laszlo Vass, Ed. D. Version 42-0014-00-01 Purpose: What is the purpose of this exercise? In this exercise I will exam how joints function and thereby discover how they allow for movement in the body. Joints are where two bones come together. The joints hold the bones together and allow for movement of the skeleton. All of the bones, except the hyoid bone in the neck, form a joint. Joints are often categorized by the amount of motion they allow. Some of the joints are fixed, like those in the skull, allow for no movement.Other joints, like those between the vertebrae of the spine, allow for some movement. Most of the joints are free moving synovial joints. In this exercise I will exam how joints function and thereby discover how they allow for movement in the body. Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken. Basic lab precautions, including keep a clean workspace and washing your hand when dealing with raw poultry. In order to ensure that this occurs layout the equipment beforehand in a clean sterile environment and follow safe work practices.Exercise 1: Questions A. As you observe the skull, explain how the structure of the sutures between the cranial bones is related to the overall function of the cranium. Children’s heads needs to squeeze through the birth canal during delivery, humans during infancy have evolved with a soft skull composed of many different bony plates that meet at regions called cranial â€Å"sutures†. These sutures also allow the skull to grow rapidly during the first year of life, at which time the bones start to slowly fuse together. This allows the skull to continue to protect the skull during early development.B. Why are synarthroses an important component of fibrous joints? These joints are weight bearing and the joints provide stability and cushioning. Synarthrotic joint is to provide a stable union between bony sur faces. The suture and synchondrosis actually become more stable when ossification of the joint takes place. Exercise 2: Questions A. Cartilaginous joints exhibit amphiarthroses. Why is this important? Amphiarthroses provides an articulation between bony surfaces that permits limited motion and is connected by ligaments or elastic cartilage, such as that between the vertebrae.B. Structurally, how are cartilaginous joints similar? Cartilaginous joints are connected entirely by cartilage. Cartilaginous joints allow more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint. Cartilaginous joints also form the growth regions of immature long bones and the intervertebral discs of the spinal column. Exercise 3: Questions A. Which type of synovial joint has the least amount of movement? Plane joints permit sliding or gliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces.The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost fat, with movement limited by the ir tight joint capsules. B. Why are diarthroses important for synovial joints? Diarthrosis permits a variety of movements. All diarthrosis joints are synovial joints and the terms diarthrosis and synovial joint are considered equivalent. C. Which synovial joint is most movable? A ball and socket joint is a joint in which the distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center.It enables the bone to move in a 360 ° angle. D. What are the four structural characteristics that all synovial joints share? Synovial joints all have synovial fluid, articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, capsular ligaments, blood vessels, and sensory nerves. Exercise 4: Questions A. Which of the body movements was the most difficult to perform? Why? Inversion which is a gliding joint and provides little movement. B. Hinge joints like the elbow and knee have limited movement. Why are these types of joints more prone to injury?Hinge joints in the elbow and knee contain a lot of anatomical structures packed into a tiny space and when challenged with heavy and constant use, it thus especially prone to injury and infection. C. When performing flexion on the arm, the biceps muscle (on the anterior of the arm) contracts. What happens to the triceps muscle (on the posterior of the arm) as this action is performed? As you perform flexion on your arm the triceps muscle relaxes. D. Both the shoulder and the hip are ball and socket joints. Why does the shoulder have a greater range of motion than the hip?The muscles and joints of the shoulder allow it to move through a remarkable range of motion, making it the most mobile joint in the human body. The shoulder can abduct, adduct rotate, be raised in front of and behind the torso and move through a full 360 ° in the sagittal plane. Exercise 5: Observations Sketch your chicken wing: Label the bones, muscles, tendons and joints. Exercise 5: Questions A. What effect will the tearing of a tendon have on its corresponding muscle? The corresponding muscle will shrink due to the decreased activity tendon. This is because when the tendon is torn the area around the tendon ill not be in very much use until the tendon is repaired which can take a good while unless professionally handled. The muscle will go back to its original size once the tendon heals and the muscle is used more. B. Why are ligaments harder to heal than tendons? Tendons heal faster than ligaments. The reason is that tendons are connected to the muscle, which will allow them to receive a larger blood flow. Ligaments are connected to bone which supplies less blood. Blood is the key -what carries nutrients in order to repair the tissue. C. Compare and contrast tendons and ligaments.Ligaments connect bone to bone and tendons connect bone to muscle. D. What is the function of fascia? It is responsible for maintaining structural, provides support and protection, and acts as a shock absorber. The function of muscle fasciae is to reduce friction to minimize the reduction of muscular force. Fasciae: a) Provide a sliding and gliding environment for muscles. b)Suspend organs in their proper place. c) Transmit movement from muscles to bones, and d) Provide a supportive and movable wrapping for nerves and blood vessels as they pass through and between muscles. [ E.What effect would the loss of articular cartilage have on a joint, its bones and their corresponding muscles? It causes the breakdown of the cartilage in joints. It also called degenerative arthritis. Cartilage is the joint's cushion. It covers the ends of bones and allows free movement. If it becomes rough, frays, or wears away, bones grind against each other. As a result, the joint becomes irritated and inflamed. Sometimes the irritation causes abnormal bone growths, called spurs, which increase swelling. Conclusions Explain how skin, bones, and muscles are related to each other.Why is this relationship important to the underst anding of the skeletal and muscular systems? Joints are where two bones come together. The joints hold the bones together and allow for movement of the skeleton. All of the bones, except the hyoid bone in the neck, form a joint. Joints are often categorized by the amount of motion they allow. Some of the joints are fixed, like those in the skull, allow for no movement. Other joints, like those between the vertebrae of the spine, allow for some movement. Most of the joints are free moving synovial joints

Appraising the International Market Environment Sample for Students

The business environment is one of the most important success factors. The PESTLE analysis model emphasizes on the importance of the external business environment. According to the PESTLE model, there are a variety of sectors in which the external environment can be divided into. These include political; economic, social technological, legal and environmental  (Murray-Webster, 2010). Though these sectors are crucial for any business, they are of even more importance to organizations working within the international arena. Consequently, organizations operating in foreign territory have to conduct appraisals on their host countries’ environment. Despite the vast nature of the international business environment, the economic environment is highly important to business success. Essentially, this is the case because the business environment is largely influenced by the various aspects of the economic environment  (Fernando, 2011). Therefore, notwithstanding the importance of ot her sectors of the business environment, this report seeks to show that the economic environment is the most crucial in appraisal of the international market environment. Firstly, Appraisal of the international business environment is necessary because of the increased level of complexity involved. Complexity, resulting from interaction between factors of the external environment, makes it difficult for organizations to evaluate and respond to the changing environmental factors  (Hamilton & Webster, 2015). The importance of the economic environment comes to mind based on one of the most famous business theories. The shareholder theory defines the role of the business as the duty to maximize its shareholder investments into profits (Karata?-Ãâ€"zkan, Nicolopoulou, & Ãâ€"zbilgin, 2014; Stout, 2012). Essentially, this ties the very existence of organizations to economics. In consideration of the international environment, the basic attraction that drives businesses across borders is the potential economic returns to be achieved from the investment. Therefore, without the economic considerations, international trading would be pointless. According to Jain, Trehan & Trehan (2014), the economic environment is the most important of all sectors of the environment. The authors attribute its superior importance to its dynamic nature. International businesses are not only governed by the economic environment of the host country; but also that of any other nation from which they source factors of production  (Jain, Trehan, & Trehan, 2014). The economic environment involves economic conditions; economic policies, economic systems, phases of business cycle, foreign investment, and international organizations among others. In support, Fernando (2011) stipulates that the economic environment is a multi-faceted factor of business that taps into all sectors of the environment. Therefore, it encompasses most of the other specific types of external environments. For instance, economic policies go hand in hand with the legal environment. Similarly, economic planning based on degree of competition is part of the economic environment but also includes social environment factors such as consumer behavior and market structures. Therefore, the economic environment is the most important factor for international businesses to consider. Its influence affects all other environmental sectors. Undeniably, despite the progress of theoretical perspectives about the role of business in society, the primary concern and reason for business’ existence is the development of economic success. Thus, without discrediting the importance of other business environments in the international arena, the economic environment is the most important of concerns to investors. The legal environment is just as important as the rest of the categories. Indeed, without the proper social structure, it would be impossible for organizations to sell their products to local populations; it is also impossible for companies to work in areas that have political unrest. However, the initial thought is the economic viability of the investment then followed by consideration of the other factors. Consequently, it is safe to maintain that the economic environment is still the most important of all factors of the external environment.    Secondly, perhaps it would also be prudent to consider Trichet, President of the ECB, whose speech emphasizes the standardization associated with the economic environment. Economic performance is the standard metrics form used to tally regional, international and global development. For instance, in a bid to demonstrate the importance of emerging markets, Trichet quotes their contribution of over 40% of the world’s GDP. He observes that emerging markets contribute that much having only developed 20% of their potential  (European Central Bank, 2007). Thus, the every determination of a country’s development is pegged on its economic performance and potential. In shocking recent developments, some companies such as Patagonia have come to resist the profit-oriented business model. In response to the rising concerns of environmental degradation, the organization has developed new heights of sustainability. Their product life cycle is not characterized by the maximization o f repeat sales; rather, the company’s campaigns and leading adverts discourage consumers on impulse buying. That’s, they should only buy what they need. The company’s competitive edge in the market is pegged on its sustainability initiatives. Thus, it appeals to the social sector by manipulating the environmental concerns of its consumersConsequently, the main visible sectors in the strategy include the social and environmental fragments of the business environment. However, the bottom line is that the implementation of the unique strategy is aimed at gaining economic advantage over other players in the market. Green friendly consumers are bound to purchase the company’s high-end products because of its standing on sustainability. Therefore, despite the sustainability metrics of success, Patagonia still relies on financial performance to gauge the strategy’s progress and success. From the comprehensive discussion above, the crucial nature of the economic environment in international markets is evident. However, this is not meant to render other sectors irrelevant but merely point out that appraisal of the international markets is highly reliant on the accuracy of the analysis of the economic environment of a host country. Essentially, economies are the sole attractions to foreign markets; they should be effectively appraised for investors to identify opportunities and effectively strategize towards organizational success. In conclusion, international investment requires a comprehensive analysis of the host country’s environment. Contrary to common belief, environmental sectors such as legal and social do not take precedence over the economic environment. As discussed, this is because the economic environment is the sole attraction to which organizations respond. Thus, it is only prudent that companies take note of the host country’s economics. Further, the dynamics of the economic environment make it influential on all other sectors. It is also important to consider that the most common metric of performance and rank is economic performance. Therefore, the importance of the economic sector in environment appraisal is undeniable. Some scholars have taken to emphasizing the importance of the other environmental sectors. However, the influence of the economic environment over them is undeniable. For instance, fragments of the legal environment interlock with the economic environment. Theref ore, most of the other sectors are connected to business by their contribution to the economic value. Consequently, it is safe to conclude that the economic environment takes precedence over other environment sectors. European Central Bank. (2007, November 26). The growing importance of emerging economies in the globalised world and its implications for the international financial architecture. Retrieved from European Central Bank : https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2007/html/sp071126_1.en.html Fernando, A. (2011). Business Environment. New-Delhi: Pearson Education India. Hamilton, L., & Webster, P. (2015). The International Business Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jain, T. R., Trehan, M., & Trehan, R. (2014). Business Environment: for B.Com-III Semester-V and VI. New-Delhi: VK Global Publications. Karata?-Ãâ€"zkan, M., Nicolopoulou, K., & Ãâ€"zbilgin, M. F. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility and Human Resource Management: A Diversity Perspective. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing. Klapper, L., Laeven, L., & Rajan, R. (2004). Business Environment and Firm Entry: Evidence from International Data. National Bureau of Economic Research, 10.3386/w10380. Murray-Webster, R. (2010). Management of risk: guidance for practitioners. Norwich; NR: The Stationery Office. Stout, L. A. (2012). The Shareholder Value Myth: How Putting Shareholders First Harms Investors, Corporations, and the Public. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Sustain-Live. (2015). Patagonia-Sustainable Business Model. Retrieved from Sustain-Live: https://www.sustainlive.org/corporate-social-responsibility-case-studies/sustainable-business-model/

Heart of Darkness (ANALYTICAL ESSAY ) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Heart of Darkness (ANALYTICAL ) - Essay Example A team of men is on the Thames waiting for the wind to take proper direction. Marlow whose profession is not clearly defined becomes the narrator in the story and hence represents the voice of the author. He then moves on to talk of Europe having some of the darkest places on earth. He talks of his expedition to Africa, which opened his eyes to the evils of colonization. Illness has been discussed explicitly in the story at different points of time. The Russian companion of Kurtz who went through subsequent illnesses narrates the above lines to Marlow during their meet. The illnesses are very symbolic of the dark environment of colonization where Kurtz was more feared for his whims than respected by the natives who therefore followed his orders like that of God. Sickness has been elaborately discussed throughout the novella; not just physical but mental sickness as well. In this context the passage â€Å"On the contrary. It appears their intercourse had been very much broken by vari ous causes. †¦. smiling continuously at some endless and jocose dream of that eternal slumber† (Conrad, 153-159) could be analyzed. Sometimes they resulted from obsession as it did in case of Kurtz (obsessed with possession of ivory) who once tried to shoot his manager who has been giving him company through all times in order to acquire some ivory from him. When the Russian says, â€Å"they [natives] adored him† (Conrad, 154), the tone implies something more that the words reveal. This was later revealed further as the manager told him about his experiences with Kurtz. The man saw no reason for things, which came, in the way of his demands. When he asked for the ivory he placed his most loyal companion, the Russian, under his gun’s point, which surely surprised Marlow, who has been observing the devotion of the Russian towards Kurtz for quite some time – â€Å"The man filled his life, occupied his thoughts, swayed his emotions† (Conrad, 154). The Russian went on to tell Marlow that he had requested Mr. Kurtz to go back from this life which he himself did not quite like, but despite agreeing to him initially he stayed on and the Russian was determined to stick to him. What is notable in the concerned passage is the strong devotion of the Russian despite facing all odds with his companion. In fact when Marlow called him mad, the Russian strongly protested. This reflect once again the psychological state of the Russian who was an enthusiastic young man but wasted his years quite gladly in the woods merely out of devotion towards Mr. Kurtz. The author brings in the silence and unperturbed nature around the men, which was rather suffocating, to Marlow –â€Å"The woods were unmoved, like a mask -- heavy, like the closed door of a prison -- they looked with their air of hidden knowledge, of patient expectation, of unapproachable silence† (Conrad, 157). On one hand the woods had a lot of give but lay quite some str ess and absorbed a lot from life. Staying alone in such a land perhaps took the toll on Mr. Kurtz and his companion. As â€Å"the appetite for more ivory had got the better of the†¦less material aspirations† Kurtz gathered more natives who apparently adored him but Marlow by now knew better (Conrad, 157). Another evidence of mental sickness arising out of the wild surroundings is the heads that surrounded Kurtz’s house, perhaps to fill the gaps in his life. The Russian must have had a strong influence on his mind especially

PM to rescue a project in trouble Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PM to rescue a project in trouble - Assignment Example To ensure that one takes the right action, the cost expenditure in a project has to be measured consistently and accurately. The certainty of cost can be attained if all project activities are completed properly. There are a number of factors that can directly have an impact of a project’s final cost compared to the original budget plan on cost. Project changes and this involves unforeseen events, scope, execution method and levels of specification. There is also schedule whereby the sooner the completion of a project, the sooner a project does not incur costs. The foreseen events is another factor which means that although the original plan on cost where contingencies and risks are concerned, events can take place as foreseen although with a different impact on the affected cost elements. The control schedule enables a person to understand the variance nature and its cause, capturing of current schedule, determining the variance from the baseline of the schedule and responding by taking relevant measures. The control schedule helps to monitor and control a group by influencing what changes to be made before a project is affected. The control schedule keeps the expectations of a managing stakeholder through advice on the type of work, how it should be carried out, which members to carry it out, and the duration of time it will take. The control schedule gives advice on when a project can be reviewed and when the authorized product to be complete. Schedule management plan defines how a control schedule can be changed and managed. It articulates the variances of schedule performance thus defining the circumstances when schedule reserve can be used. Project schedule is a major and obvious input to control schedule since it consists of a daily schedule used to monitor and keep track of project work thus giving resource against results being managed as well as

Medicare and Medicaid Module 4 (SLP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medicare and Medicaid Module 4 (SLP) - Essay Example The program has been designed to provide affordable medical support and its clients benefit from a range of products, including regional care teams, social workers, registered nurses and the behavioral health specialists. Medical services in Texas are offered depending on the laid down policies. The Medicare system is ideally relevant and it involves a number of radical considerations. The Medicare supplement involves paying your taxes through 65 years and from here you can be able to get your payback. To qualify for Texas Medicare, the state offers enrolment requirements for the couples. For example in Texas, the core consideration for people planning to acquire the health plan would involve ideally ensuring that qualification for Part A hospital insurance scheme is achieved. This implies that must work for 10 years in order to qualify for the free cover. Other people would opt to buy the program. The rates vary considerably from about $32-$100 depending on the program. To enroll hence for Part B program or otherwise known as medical insurance, you will be required to pay $99.90 every month. Once enrolled, your details would be reflected in the Medicare systems database once you reach 65 years. The services take effect as soon as your information has been crosschecked for authenticity. Further, the medicare scheme could be automatically loaded depending on specific pay details. The next step is to classify your outpatient insurance program to be able to attain the relevant benefits. Part B insurance is critical and it is fundamental for people looking for treatments outside the hospital. If you have been successful in meeting relevant requirements, then it would be ideal to ensure that you proceed to create specific milestone for your spouse and your family. The monthly fee for Part B is $99.9 per month but this could be much less and this is classified basing your existing membership scheme or even when your premium has

Using examples, describe and critically assess how key decisions Essay

Using examples, describe and critically assess how key decisions relating to international strategic activity may be influenced by cognitive bias - Essay Example However, to influence international customers to purchase goods or services from foreign nation needs a well-developed marketing strategy to access them as a way to generate new growth. For example, since a business management cannot employ salespeople globally, it has to use modern communication means as a way to access foreign customers via internet. The literate level on internet use by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of a nation influences the ability to communicate with customers in international markets to generate sales. Internet offers sellers and buyers an opportunity to interact internationally via business-established websites and e-mail in business activities easing business transactions of goods and services internationally at a low cost an over a long period compared to employing salespeople globally. Prominent customers can be obtained via the influence of online advertisements on the product offered by different businesses globally hence easy to create new market internationally(Aaker 238-241). Moreover, an international business strategy on market penetration can be influenced by the ability of a business firm to conduct market research to identify its weakness and strength and concentrate on strengthening its weaknesses. However, cognitive ability of a business firm internationallyplays an important role on the success of market research. Market research helps to determine the pace and race in the growth of international market. For example, language barrier adversely affects communication and poor communication affects a business ability to influence customers to purchase their products. Therefore, the ability of a business firm to access the market field and come up with problems leading to poor performance in the international market and how to solve these problems depends on the knowledge, skills and

Nursing - care plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Nursing - care plan - Essay Example 230). Impaired mobility is related to a variety of factors, including activity intolerance, perceptual or cognitive impairment, musculoskeletal impairment, neuromuscular impairment, medical restrictions, prolonged bed rest, limited strength, pain or discomfort and depression or severe anxiety (Gulanick & Meyers 2003, p. 107). When the patient has impaired mobility, there is also risks which are associated with a lack of physical exercise – circulatory and respiratory problems and poor physical condition (Sparks & Taylor, 2005, p. 29). II. Why the patient needs to be at the centre - Stroke is a medical issue which is multifaceted. Cowman et al. (2010, p. 1) states that 50% of stroke victims will make a full recovery, 30% will make an incomplete recovery with no need for assistance with any functions, and 20% will make an incomplete recovery with a need for assistance with some functions. Horgan et al. (2011, p. 4) states that, despite the statistics which show that a good perce ntage of stroke patients have some disability upon being discharged from the hospital, follow up care is often lacking. According to Miller et al. (2010, p. 2403), care for a stroke patient should consider three factors: pathophysiological factors, the impact on the individual, and the individual's environmental and personal resources. Hartigan et al. (2011, p. ... 2011 p. 23). Moreover, there is ample indication that strokes do not just affect the patient, but the caregivers as well. Lutz & Young (2010, p. 152) state that caregivers of stroke patients suffer depression, isolation, a sense of being burdened, a decline in physical and mental health and decreased quality of life. However, Khan et al. (2012, p. 1) indicates that caregivers may not always be given the proper support. It is therefore crucial that the patient participate in his or her own recovery, in that it will alleviate the burden on the caregiver as well as give the patient a better outcome. That said, it is important that the perceived nursing behavior be conducive to this. The patient's perception of the nurse's behavior influences how active the patient will be in participating in his or her own recovery process (Larsson et al. 2011, p. 1). All of these factors must be considered in planning a nursing care program for a stroke survivor, because one of the goals must be to pre vent readmission to the hospital, because hospital readmission results in higher mortality rates, greater disability levels and increased costs (Licthman et al. 2010, p. 2526). Therefore, it is important that Mr. Brown and his caregiver, his wife, be at the centre. Both need to understand what will be involved in Mr. Brown's recovery, and both need to understand the steps that will be needed to take. Because of the evidence that the burden on the caregiver is acute, and that the stroke patients' hope for recovery hinges partially upon social and environmental needs, and, additionally, the evidence suggests that patients must participate in their own care, the most important goal is to increase the mobility of the patient. This will ultimately not only be beneficial to the patient,

Managing Marketing Channels Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing Marketing Channels - Literature review Example As the paper outlines, intermediaries are specialists in selling. They have the contacts, experience, and scale of operation which means that greater sales can be achieved than if the producing business tried to run a sales operation itself (Tutor2u, 2008, pg. 1).  "The main function of a distribution channel is to provide a link between production and consumption. Organizations that form any particular distribution channel perform many key functions" (Tutor2u, 2008, pg. 1). These can include factors such as information, promotion, contact, matching, negotiation, physical distribution, financing, and risk taking (Tutor2u, 2008).  The amount of information an intermediary knows is crucial for market planning. The ability of an intermediary to promote a product tells how efficient it is at communicating product and offer information. Contacts held by a particular intermediary let a business know how well it can find and communicate with prospective buyers. The ability of an interme diary to match means whether or not it is able to meet the needs of prospective buyers. Negotiation refers to the ability of an intermediary to reach agreements on prices and other terms. The physical distribution for an intermediary refers to its ability to transport and/or store products. The ability to acquire and use funds to cover costs refers to the financing ability of an intermediary. Finally, an activity such as holding stock in other organizations shows an intermediary's willingness to take risks (Tutor2u, 2008).  Ã‚  According to the material presented at Tutor2u (2008, pg. 1), "All of the above functions need to be undertaken in any market. The question is - who performs them and how many levels there need to be in the distribution channel in order to make it cost effective." Three examples of channel levels include those channel levels which consist of no intermediary, one intermediary, and two intermediaries. When there is no intermediary in a channel, it is known as direct marketing. An example of this is a factory outlet store. A channel with one intermediary is usually a retailer. A channel with two intermediaries could be illustrated through the UK drug market (Tutor2u, 2008).  Oversaturation occurs when the marketplace is crowded with a particular product or service. One relevant example of this in the U.K. is superhero movies. During the summer of 2008, a large number of superhero films were released-such as the Incredible Hulk-leaving the market oversaturated with them (Guardian, 2008). An example of a conflict occurring over stock levels is the recent release of Mac's iPhone all throughout the world, including the UK. When it was released into the marketplace, consumer demand exceeded the supply available. Therefore, it was hard for distribution channel members to keep them on store shelves (MacRumors, 2008). An example of conflict involving direct versus indirect channels comes into play with Computer Associates. According to Yirrell (2002, pg. 1), "The world's third largest software vendor has pledged to eliminate the long-standing conflict between direct and indirect and has launched a strategy which it claims will encourage the two sides to work together."

SIM #11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SIM #11 - Essay Example Paul expounds on the scope of leadership and the responsibility of every leader. 1 Thessalonians 5:12-24 is an important text because it defines the attitude that people should exhibit towards leaders in the community. Paul puts into perspective a number of issues such as the faint hearted and those who are bound by passion to respond to the call of the community of believers. There are weak believers who act differently from the rest of community of believers2. Paul states that leaders should strive to deal with individuals who are deemed deviant in the community as a consequence of making them have a sense of belonging. Consequently, Paul appeals to the leaders to encourage the faint hearted and the weak. In Mark 10: 42-45 the Bible says that an appropriate service commands respect that is shown through love. In the subsequent passages Paul elaborates on the life of a believer and the various tribulations that Christians face. The apostle Paul tells the believers to rejoice despite the tribulations and advises on the essence of prayer. Additionally, Paul underscores the importance of living a life that is guided by the spirit. He notes that spiritual well-being brings a connection to the divine. Paul also integrates the importance of the gift of prophecy among the believers. Ideally, leaders and the followers should have a relationship that is based on mutual respect and understanding everyones

A Contrast and Comparison Between Two Historical Bands Essay Example for Free

A Contrast and Comparison Between Two Historical Bands Essay Both Metallica and Ozzy have suffered tragedies in regard to their band members. In March 1982, Randy Rhodes, the lead guitarist for Ozzy’s band, died in a plane crash. This was not something that anyone, let alone Ozzy, would have thought would happen. Randy was afraid to fly, but he was convinced by the pilot of the plane that it would be a safe flight, and he would not perform any crazy stunts like he normally did when flying the band. However, the pilot couldn’t resist doing a â€Å"fly by† and when the plane buzzed by the home, the pilot got too close and the wing clipped the house causing the pilot to lose control and crash the plane. This tragedy devastated Ozzy; Randy was like a family member to him. For a while Ozzy was not sure he wanted to continue in the music business and almost ended his career. However, he eventually realized Randy would want him to continue and so Ozzy continued to make music. Metallica also lost a band member in a tragic accident. In September 1986, while the band was on tour in Sweden, the driver of the tour bus lost control causing it to crash and flip several times. Band member, Cliff Burton, was asleep in the back of the bus and when the bus began to flip he was thrown out of one of the windows. The bus landed on top of him and he died instantly. Cliff was the bassist for the band and they loved him like family, but they believed the band must continue so he was replaced. Despite continuing with their lives, the rest of the band will always remember Cliff, and he will live on in their hearts and also in their music. As with many heavy metal bands, Metallica and Ozzy have also dealt with alcohol and drug addiction. This led to legal and personal issues within their lives. Ozzy was banned from the city of San Antonio for urinating on the Alamo while inebriated. During another one of his drunken binges, he tried to strangle his wife, Sharon. Metallica’s problems with alcohol did not lead to expulsion from any public place, or any form of attempted murder, but at one point they did treat one of their band members, Jason Newsted, very badly. The explanation from every band member, for their mistreatment of him, is that they were mourning the death of Cliff Burton, and this was therapy for them. They did often treat him as if he were an outsider and not a true member of the band. They hazed him terribly and treated him as if he were their lackey rather than a true band member. On one the albums, And Justice For All, they went as far as to turn down his bass, so he is not even heard on the album. The hazing, drinking, and drug abuse lead to strife within the band, and contributed to Jason leaving. Eventually the lead singer of Metallica, James, went to rehab and spent three months working on getting sober. Both Metallica and Ozzy have been sober for over five years now. Another way in which the bands are similar is that both Metallica and Ozzy have had their share of controversy, furthering the belief in the heavy metal band stereotype. Ozzy was known for theatrics and stunts during his concerts which furthered the public’s perception that he was a devil worshipper. At one point in his career, Ozzy bit the head off of a bat at one of his concerts. It was thrown onto the stage and he maintains that he was not aware the bat was real until after he bit off the head. He also bit a doves head off, while intoxicated, during a meeting with some record company executives, furthering the belief that he is a Satanist. Metallica is not known for wild theatrics during their concerts but their behaviors after their concerts, as well as their professional dealings, have been a source of controversy within their career. They were the first band to sue Napster for piracy which really angered their fans. Their excessive use of drugs and alcohol, as well as their sexual promiscuity while married, also altered fan’s view of them. The drugs, alcohol and loose morals have all led to changes within the band’s lives. When Lars Ulrich and James Hetfield became parents, they decided to change their ways, become sober, and believe in more than money. When one thinks of heavy metal music and artists, they often think of devil worshipping and substance abuse. While in some cases this is true, that is not the case with Metallica and Ozzy. In fact, what most people do not realize is that both bands and their members are Christians. Ozzy always has been a member of the Church of England. It is well known that he prays before each performance as well as professing his beliefs in several of his songs. Metallica members are born again Christians and they profess this in many of their songs as well. While it is true that Ozzy and Metallica both have song lyrics that contradict their religious view. Songs such as Jump in the Fire by Metallica, with lyrics such as â€Å"Follow me now my child. Do just as I say. Jump by your will or be taken by force, I’ll get you either way†, are primarily for shock value. Many metal bands completely fit the stereotype of being drug addicted, alcoholic, and Satan worshipers. However, some bands, such as Metallica and Ozzy Osborne, have managed to overcome these addictions and are Christians. They love the metal sound, music, and beat and continue to make the type of music they are known for without the lifestyle of most metal bands. Both bands have had their share of controversy throughout their careers but have overcome this controversy and continue to have a large fan base, even after all these years. These two bands are very similar in many ways: they have stood the test of time and continue to have their fans despite some of the crazy things they have done. Metallica continues to make music while Ozzy now focuses more on family for various reasons, but their music continues to touch the lives of their fans, and no matter what happens, that will never change.

American Colonies and Separation from England Essay Example for Free

American Colonies and Separation from England Essay When settlers from England came to America, they envisioned a Utopia, where they would have a say in what the government can and cannot do. Before they could live in such a society they would have to take many small steps to break the hold England had on them. The settlers of America had to end a monarchy and start their own, unique, form of government. They also had to find a way that they would have some kind of decision making power. The most important change that the colonies in America had to make was to become a society quite different from that in England. By 1763 although some colonies still maintained established churches, other colonies had accomplished a virtual revolution for religious toleration and separation of church and state. During the mid-1600s England was a Christian dominated nation; the colonies, however, were mainly Puritans. When Sir Edmond Andros took over a Puritan church in Boston for Anglican worship, the Puritans believed this was done to break their power and authority. The Puritan church in New England was almost entirely separated from the state, except that they taxed the residents for the churchs support. The churches in New England had no temporal power, unlike the church of England. Many seaport towns like Marble head and Gloucester, became more religious as time pasted. This show of religious freedom was a way in which the colonies had religious toleration and differed from the Christian church in England. Unlike the well-defined social classes of England, the colonies had a streamline class structure, which gave individuals the chance to rise on the social latter. New settlers living on the coast could become rich by fishing and selling what they caught. If fishing was not a settlers strong point, then they could try their hand at farming. Getting the land to farm on was the easy part. The head right system gave each male 50 acres, and 50 acres to each indentured servant he might bring over. England could not do this because England so defined the social classes and they did not have enough land that they could give to every male and his indentured servant. In a similar economic revolution, the colonies out grew their mercantile relationship with England and developed their own expanding capitalist  system. The idea of a set amount of wealth in the world and that if one were to become wealthy, he or she had to take from someone who is already wealthy, is basically what mercantilism means. The colonies did not believe this idea in America. They believed that no matter who you were, if you had a good idea for making money you could do so, and without having to take it from someone else. This capitalistic spirit made many men very prosperous, unlike England who tried to force colonial ships to stop at England before they deliver their cargo. This would take money from the colonists and put it in the pockets of England. However, it did not work because the colonies figured out ways to make the raw materials on their ships into useable goods at the colonies themselves instead of at England. The colonies broadened the notion of liberty and self-government far beyond what England had ever envisioned. Through the years certain anomalies occurred, as colonial governments furthered themselves from the government of England. The governors of the colonies got power and certain prerogatives that the King had lost; the assembly of a colony got powers, particularly with respect to appointments, which Parliament had yet to gain. England was too preoccupied by the struggle between Parliament and Stuart Kings, to perfect effective imperial control over the colonies in America. The separation from England by the colonies in America took many years, but ultimately gave the colonists a real sense of freedom. Through small steps like, capitalism, self-government, and a fluid class structure, the colonies slowly, but surely, gained their independence from England. These changes in religion, economics, politics, and social structure illustrate this Americanization of the transplanted Europeans.

The Prevention Of The Stock Market Crash Economics Essay

The Prevention Of The Stock Market Crash Economics Essay The Great Depression was an economic slump in North America, Europe, and other industrialized areas of the world that began in 1929 and lasted until 1939. It was the longest and most severe depression the world had ever seen. What happened and how did the stock market crash occur? Could it have been avoided? Simply put, yes! There were numerous issues and oversights that were made during that time by all Americans. Obviously, it did not occur overnight. Where had the consumers, government, and/or businesses gone wrong? There is no doubt that we, as Americans, have become smarter in terms of our economic knowledge, but are we doomed to go through another Great Depression in the future? What have we done, or what can we do to avoid this from happening again? To understand the Great Depression we first must look back at the economy prior to that time. For most Americans the stock market crash of 1929 has become the symbol marking the beginning of the Great Depression. The economic boom of the 1920s was reflected in a stock market which rose from 60 in 1920 to its peak of 381 on September 3, 1929 (Tothero Crowley, 2008). After World War I, the soldiers returned home. They had money in their pockets and many new products to spend their money on. Prior to the war, many products on the market were considered a luxury, but with the onset of mass production, many of those items that were considered a luxury were now common. With the soldiers returning from the war, everyone having money in their pockets, and having products and services readily available, this put the world in a euphoric state, with the idea that everything was ideal. The Roaring Twenties, as they were referred to, was a time of great economic prosperity. This was mostly due t o the wide array of consumer goods that were available. New technologies, soaring business profits, and higher wages allowed more and more Americans to purchase a wide range of consumer goods. Prosperity also provided Americans with more leisure time (The Great Depression (1920-1940), 2009). Americans were purchasing more consumer products on credit such as automobiles. As the economy blossomed, suburbs were created, U.S. cities had drastically changed, radios began broadcasting news and music, and the aviation and motion picture industry had grown, as well. Times were good for the American people during the Roaring Twenties. The decade saw North America becoming the richest region on the earth, with industry aligned to mass production, and a society with a culture of consumerism (Roaring Twenties Economy of the 1920s, 2005). With so much growth in the economy at that time, the government did not feel that they were in jeopardy of a crash so they did not intervene. Since the war was over and all the men were home, there were goods and services being pumped into the economy and everyone had money to spend. People were borrowing and spending money without a care, and thought nothing could go wrong. By the time the government figured out there was a problem with the economy, it was already too late. Prior to the Great Depression, governments traditionally took little or no action in time of business downturn, relying instead on impersonal market forces to achieve the necessary economic correction. From one extreme to the other boom to bust. The magical prosperity vanished almost overnight as people lost confidence following the stock market crash (Nelson, ed., 2000). This could have possibly avoided the crash had the government had the foresight to be more strict with the financial institutions and their lending habits. Individuals should have been wiser with their spending. They should have saved money rather than buying things they did not nece ssarily need. During the early 1920s, federal spending grew three times larger than tax collections and when the government cut back spending to balance the budget, a severe recession was the result of those actions. The value of farmland fell 30-40 percent, and the middle class comprised about 15 to 20 percent of all Americans, while the richest one person owned 40 percent of the nations wealth. Between 1920 and 1929, individual worker productivity rose 43 percent and the number of people reporting half-million dollar incomes grew from 156 to 1,489 between this time period; a phenomenal rise compared to other decades, but still less than the one percent of all income-earners. In the early 1930s, more than half of all Americans were living below the minimum subsistence level and the annual per-capita income was $750; and $273 for farm people. Construction was down by $2 billion and then a recession began, approximately two months before the stock market crash. During this timeframe, production dec lined 20 percent, wholesale prices were at 7.5 percent and personal income was at 5 percent. Then, on October 24, the stock market crashed. Investors called October 29th Black Tuesday for the loss of $16 billion, which was a lot of money in those days. Also during this time, the gross domestic product (GDP) fell 9.4 percent from the year before and the unemployment rate rose from 3.2 to 8.7 percent. During this time there was absolute panic, no major legislations were passed addressing the depression, a second banking scare occurred in the spring, the GDP fell another 8.5 percent, and unemployment rose to 15.9 percent. The decline in the GDP, while dramatic, was not as spectacular as the explosion in the unemployment rate. Mainly because the unemployment rate represents what was not produced that could have been produced. Consumer purchasing somewhat fell, government purchases did not fall at all compared to 1929, but there was a dramatic collapse of investment purchases. Why did investment purchases collapse so dramatically? Because interest rates affect investments. The problem in the early 1930s was that the rate of inflation was negative, meaning there was deflation instead of inflation. This meant that borrowers were not paying back as much money as they borrowed. The table below shows the nominal interest rate was declining during this period, but because the rate of inflation was negative, the real interest rate was much higher than the nominal interest rate. YEAR PRICE INDEX RATE OF INFLATION % NOMINAL INTEREST RATE % REAL INTEREST RATE % 1929 13.12 5.85 1930 12.60 -3.96 3.59 7.87 1931 11.34 -10.00 2.64 14.04 1932 10.05 -11.38 2.73 15.92 1933 9.78 -2.96 1.73 4.54 In the years leading up to the stock market crash, the stock market had gained much popularity as a way of making money. Because stock prices had been on the rise, they gained the reputation of being a safe way to invest. Beginning in 1926 and ending with the crash in 1929, the market moved up nearly 400%. Many investors believed stocks were their ticket to riches (Valentine, 2009). Investors were talking up the idea of how much money could be made by investing in stock. With all the talk of the get rich quick scheme and the relaxed credit terms from banks, the buying frenzy began. Simply put, people were naive, greedy, and wanted a way to get rich quickly. American businesses and the people placed too much faith on what they did not fully understand, and they did not think of the long-term repercussions that could occur in the event of an economic crisis, such as a recession, or in this case, with the Great Depression. Problem one: People were too loose with their money. Rather than to save for their families, they placed their money in the stock market in hopes of receiving a nice return. People were purchasing stock on margin. What does this mean? They were only required to pay 10% down and borrow the other 90%. For example, if $10 worth of stock was purchased, the investor put in $1, while the mortgage broker put in the other $9. It was a good deal as long as stocks were gaining value. However, if the stock lost value, the stockbroker would issue a margin call requiring the investor to pay back the loan. In the example above, not only did the investor lose the $1 he invested, he also had to pay back the $9 hed borrowed (Valentine, 2009). As you can see from the example, stocks could go awry at any given time injuring the broker, but more specifically injuring the investor. People were disillusioned that stocks would always rise and never fall. Today, not all stocks and investors are eligible for a margin account. This is a great benefit in determining what stocks investors are safer using, such as a margin account, and may not be so prone to losing the funds that are invested. Do you recall the definition of a margin call? Money placed for the original purchase of a stock needed to be paid back by someone; the investor. The economy rapidly deteriorated as people sold their stocks to hold on to their hard earned money, and brokers wanted their borrowed money back. Resolution: In general, there is no resolution on how people should spent their money. We cannot tell another individual what they can or cannot buy. Some people save, while others do not. An option that is current in present times, but could have been an acceptable solution prior to the crash, could have been to have financial regulators increase their financial ratio requirements for banks so less money would have been borrowed. Banks would have had less of a money supply by doing as such. Perhaps by increasing the banks financial ratio requirements, Americans generally could have spent less and purchased less in stocks. The stock market crash devastated the American economy because not only had individual investors put their money into stocks, so did businesses. When the stock market crashed, businesses lost their money. Consumers lost their money too, because many banks had invested their money without their permission or knowledge (Valentine, 2009). Problem 2: There were no programs that would protect the consumers from having their money be used, without their permission, by banks to pay back debts for the stocks. As you can imagine, American consumers and businesses were losing money, which caused people to panic and pull their life savings from the banks to hold on to what they had left in order to feed their families. Resolution: Unfortunately, without the regulations in place, there were no regulatory rules on what could or could not be done by the banks. The financial institutions were stealing money from the American people without permission. Until the proper regulations were put into plac e, there was nothing that could have been done at that time. Resolution: Eventually, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was createdto regulate stocks, bonds, and other commissions. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was also created to insure consumers deposits in FDIC-enrolled financial institutions. In addition, the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) was created to insure crops planted by farmers (Valentine, 2009). Soon after Herbert Hoover became president, the stock market began to take a turn for the worst. In 1929, some of the larger investors realized the stock prices were artificially high as a result of the mass investments from speculative investors. So, those savvy investors started trading their stocks and consequently, stock prices began to fall. Then, brokers issued margin calls leading to further stock market drops (Valentine, 2009). Problem three: The way the stock market was handling the tracking of the volume of buying and selling of stocks. As stocks were traded and falling in price, investors started selling their shares over the course of several days, being Black Thursday through Black Tuesday, which caused the stock market to crash because millions of shares were being sold too rapidly. The technology then was not what it is today. This should have been taken into consideration when dealing with something of this magnitude. At one point the ticker tapes were nearly 90 minutes behind the market causing the market to drop by 33 points or 9% by the end of the day. Also, by Tuesday, the ticker tapes fell nearly 3 hours behind causing another 12 % drop in the market. Due to the issues with tracking most of the time investors were trading blind (Stock Market Crash of 1929, 2007). Knowing what we know today, regulations should have been put into plac e to help keep things under control. For example, today if the DOW drops by 10% before 2 p.m., trading will be halted for one hour. If the DOW drops by 20% before 2 p.m., trading will be halted for two hours. If the DOW drops 30% before 2 p.m., trading will be halted for one day and if another event such as September 11, 2001 occurs, they will either close early or not open at all to prevent panic (Little, 2009). Besides the issues of tracking, another subject to address is the relaxed credit terms. When stock prices began to drop, the market started changing. In turn, investors were requiring the loans to be paid in full. If the individual had their money in the bank, there was a good chance the bank had invested their money without their permission causing yet another loss of funds on top of the money they had already lost themselves in the stock market. Although President Hoover believed that the government should not intervene with the economy, he said families could turn the economy around if they continued to work hard and rely on themselves (Valentine, 2009). Of course, we all know hindsight is 20/20, but by creating the SEC, FDIC, and FCIC I believe that it helps the economy have a little assurance that the government is trying to help anyway that they can to prevent the stock market from crashing again. In conclusion, it takes more than the government, investments, and American people to change economic activity. It takes everyone in the U.S. to contribute, in one way or another, to the overall health of the economy. In regards to government involvement, money supplies and/or government spending can be increased or decreased, and/or taxes can be lowered or raised in order to assist in the health of an economy. Businesses can invest in new equipment or buildings, and/or construct new homes. We, as consumers, should find a happy medium, if applicable, to our spending habits. For instance, do not borrow more than you can pay back or afford. On the same note, do not spend more of your income on unwanted items and only spend on what is absolutely needed, such as food, clothing, bills, and leisurely activities. Unlike many Americans prior to the stock market crash, do the needed research prior to blindly committing and purchasing any good or service that is not 100% understood. It is best to financially access your individual needs based on your income. Take into consideration the chances of a potential layoff or the future health of a loved when considering a major purchase of something. It is best to plan for the future and to invest in something that is thoroughly researched and understood prior to placing your life, and that of your family, at stake. With all the more economic knowledge we know today, can we avoid another Great Depression? Only time will tell if lessons have been learned, but knowledge is the first step in understanding how to avoid disasters such as those that had occurred 80 years ago.

How to teach :: Employment, Education, Staffing

Tenure is a topic that has produced much heated discussion in recent years. Some argue that tenure is an outmoded conce and, if institutions are going to remain competitive, they need to be able to have more flexibility to hire and fire faculty as student needs change. Others argue that tenure is vital to the protection of academic freedom and that without tenure we will return to the days when faculty were dismissed for teaching unpopular opinions. Several state legislatures have mandated post-tenure review for faculty, i.e. Texas, Florida, Tennessee, and Arkansas. New campuses have been created in Florida and California that do not have faculty tenure. In addition, to the arguments about tenure, institutions have not been filling tenure-track positions as faculty retire or resign to take another position. Instead we are seeing an increase in the numbers of faculty hired on limited term contracts of five years or less and an increase in the numbers of part-time temporary faculty hired. Tenure is a topic that has produced much heated discussion in recent years. Some argue that tenure is an outmoded conce and, if institutions are going to remain competitive, they need to be able to have more flexibility to hire and fire faculty as student needs change. Others argue that tenure is vital to the protection of academic freedom and that without tenure we will return to the days when faculty were dismissed for teaching unpopular opinions. Several state legislatures have mandated post-tenure review for faculty, i.e. Texas, Florida, Tennessee, and Arkansas. New campuses have been created in Florida and California that do not have faculty tenure.

An Analysis of Human Resources Management at TNT Essay -- Business Hum

An Analysis of Human Resources Management at TNT TNT is the European market leader in global express distribution, logistics and international mail. Wherever a company operates TNT will make sure that their documents, consignments and business mail are delivered safely and on time using their integrated air and road networks. Their international operations are focused on the key areas of world trade in Europe, Asia, North and South America. They also have strong domestic networks in Australia and Europe. Their operational networks are supported by sophisticated technology which as well as ensuring service reliability provides real-time, on-line information on the status of the consignment. Their central philosophy is to put the customer at the heart of their business. They aim to be companies’ business partner devising solutions for all their customers' distribution needs by combining their core capabilities to create new products and services. The HRM of TNT empower employees to provide the fastest and most reliable service which involves upholding the quality principles for the benefit of all stakeholders involved with the organisation thereby enabling them to achieve the vision. The quality principles of TNT are: customer care, leadership, people, communication, resources, suppliers, processes and the impact on society. For each of this principles the HRM makes sure and show how its needs to be carried out: Â · Customer Care: Always listening to and building first class relationships with their customers to help TNT provide excellent standards of service and client satisfaction. Â · Leadership: Inspiring all members of the TNT team to be outstanding achievers and building on their make it happen policy through clear direction, support and accountability. Â · People: Recognising individual and team achievements, promoting from within wherever possible and encouraging everyone to enjoy rewarding careers that provide security and job satisfaction. Â · Communication: Working hard at all times to encourage clear and honest two-way communications which foster teamwork, they must get through attitude and staff involvement through an open management style. Â · Resources: Employing the best people in a first class working environment and supporting them with ongoing training, reliable equip... ...ager or by the job holder’s superior. The performance appraisal gives the managers the chance to reward employees and to thank them for doing a good job. Appraisal normally takes place once or twice a year. In some organisations it happens every month every three months. The more often it is done the better. At TNT appraisals happens every six months. The benefits of performance appraisal for the organisation are: Â · It helps employees to identify training needs. Â · It may reveal other problems – for example, there may be workplace difficulties with other staff (eg it might be caused by sexual or racial harassment). Â · It may untap useful new skills. Â · It improves communications between employees and managers – a few words of encouragement and praise for doing a good job are often highly motivating. Â · It provides disciplinary documentation – if the employer needs to dismiss somebody, the existence of through appraisal records, which identify the person’s inabilities, or lack of effort will be very useful. Â · It helps to fix pay rises – increasingly people get performance related pay which is based upon the appraisal interview.

Digital Encoding and Music Sharing :: Internet

Digital Encoding and Music Sharing Computers have revolutionized the world of music. Through the Internet, users can get any type of music at little to no cost. They practically eliminate the need to purchase new CD’s. This new concept is made possible through the process of digital encoding. The Internet is only a tool allow the freedom of sharing music. Mp3’s are the most popular form of encoded digital music and are the most readily available for the Internet. Most Mp3 players are played on winamp, which is available to the public. There has also been a great amount of controversy within the free sharing of Mp3’s. Mp3’s stands for Mpeg layer-3 type format media file. Mp3’s are digitally compressed songs form CD’s. The average track on a CD is proximally 50 megabytes in size. Through the process of digital compression modern software can minimize the amount of space for the same CD track to one-tenth the size, making the average Mp3 file 5 megs, losing only minimal amount of quality. The small amount of space that the Mp3 take up on the hard drive is much less than copying a .wav file from a CD. The average modem can transfer 5 Megs of information in about 10 min. It would take hours to transfer a .wav file of the same music quality. This is what makes mp3’s so popular for Internet and computer users. The average CD on the market today costs about 20 dollars. Through the uses of the Internet and Mp3 sharing communities such as Napster, Scour net, File quest, and Imesh, users can build a music library for a fraction of the cost of purchasing normal CD’s from a music store. Napster is one of the front-runners in Mp3 sharing. It works by networking your computer to every other computer that is logged onto Napster. Users can search for any song and download any song that is on any computer that is log onto the network. This program is so simple that a 10 year old can uses it. The simplicity of the program made Napster a multimillion-user program within months of it’s beginning. Napster has also made some real powerful enemies by allowing users to trade music. The music industry survives mainly on the sales of CD’s. Napster enables one person to purchase the CD, and through the use of their computer, they give the music to millions of different users.

Adderall Abuse and Doctor Awareness Essay

Adderall is used in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, but has been abused in many circumstances. ADHD has been known to produce certain symptoms, which can have serious negative effects. Adderall helps in the reduction of these symptoms. However, the addictive nature of Adderall has made it one of the most abused medications without prescriptions from medical practitioners. Adderall has, nevertheless, been used effectively as attention stimulant that helps the patients to perform well throughout the day (Helms, 1476). It is, therefore, only important that awareness on the use of Adderall in persons with ADHD be increased in order to maximize the positive effects of the psycho-stimulant treatment as opposed to its negative effects. The use of Adderall in ADHD Methylphenidate has often been used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder. However, many of the scientific research and studies have placed Adderall above methylphenidate in order of efficacy. Adderall, when used by persons with ADHD, it is more efficacious and lasts relatively longer in stimulating the persons’ attention (Joan and Davis 56). Further, it is more effective when applied in small doses than when used excessively. This is one of the issues that bring a point of concern in as far as Adderall abuse is concerned. Its excessive use is not what makes it effective, but rather; it only creates more side effects. Adderall is more efficient in psycho-stimulation due to the fact that it has the ability to increase the dopamine levels while preventing the re-uptake of the same (Joan and Davis 58). See more: Sleep Deprivation Problem Solution Speech Essay Side effects of Adderall and Public Awareness Despite the positive effects that Adderall has in psycho stimulation, it also, like other treatment, poses serious and adverse negative effects; the perfect reason why it is important to undertake an intensive awareness on the use of Adderall in the treatment of ADHD. Some of the most adverse side effects that require effective medical response include rapid and uneven heartbeat, light-headedness, which may result in fainting, where there is high blood pressure that causes problems like unsettled concentration, and where the user feels restless and finds it extremely difficult to concentrate (Helms, 1476). Blurred vision and severe headache, excessive discomfort at the chest due to severe chest pains, seizure and numbness are also among some of the adverse side effects of Adderall treatment of ADHD. Insomnia, diarrhoea and constipation, appetite loss and weight loss, loss of sex drive and impotence, dizziness and headache are also some of the side effects although they are a bit mild (Donatelle 232). Despite all these Adderall use related side effects, it is important to note that often, people have over-used the treatment. It has been identified to be addictive hence increasing the chances of its abuse. Just like other treatments, excessive use of Adderall does not help treat ADHD. In fact, it only makes the disorder worse by creating after use problems like troubled concentration, diarrhoea, dizziness, and headache. Instead of stimulating concentration, it only succeeds in creating more attention problems when used in excess (Andrews, et al, 226). Scientific studies have shown that the use of Adderall by pregnant women is extremely dangerous to the unborn child. The rats used in one of the studies indicated that there exist long-term behavioural and neurological changes hat emanates from prenatal and early postnatal amphetamine exposure (Grilly 101). It has also been established that there are chances of low birth weight or even premature birth and the baby may show withdrawal symptoms if the mother used Adderall during pregnancy most especially when she abused the medication. In fact, sudden deaths of children have been linked with the use of Adderall treatment drugs. Consequently, in some nations, the government has made an initiative to highly control the sale of the drugs (Grilly 101). More studies were have also been commissioned to establish the effects of Adderall treatments. They have indicated that there are high risks of a patient developing cardiac defects resulting from the use of Adderall drugs (Donatelle, 232). The rate of heart beat is increased and consequently the blood pressure, when drugs of amphetamine category such as Adderall are used in the treatment of any disorder or disease. The situation gets worse when overused. However, Adderall drugs are only more dangerous when used in a way not prescribed by certified physicians or when administered in response to addiction demands (Moore, 54). Caution is also given to patients with pre-existing mental or cardiac illness since the drug has the ability of aggravating the situation. Persons with a history of drug abuse are also advised not to use Adderall, but may resort to other medical options that respond to the same problem of ADHD. This is due to the addiction nature of Adderall that makes it possible for people to abuse (Donatelle, 232). The above mentioned issues evidently illustrate that the use of Adderall has side effects; something that is shared by a number of treatment compounds. However, when used in small doses, it is more effective in stimulating one’s attention in the process of combating attention deficit. Excessive use of Adderall is extremely harmful to one’s body given the fact that it produces many side effects that in the end override the intended benefits and functions (Grilly, 343). It is, therefore, advisable for the doctors to undertake close and effective observation of their patients to ensure that there is no abuse. Prescriptions should be normal and standard taking into consideration the action of the drug in the body and the half-life of the different strains of Adderall used. It is medically unethical for doctors to provide prescriptions without confirming the status of the patient’s body. Medical examination to identify the pulse rate is necessary. In addition, medical history of the patient with relation to mental illness, cardiac problems or drug abuse or addiction is of primary importance before making a decision of putting persons with ADHD in Adderall treatment (Andrews, et al, 226). Awareness of the drug use should be enhanced most specially in colleges and universities where students have in many cases used Adderall as study drugs to make them stay awake for long periods without sleep as they study. This academic use of Adderall has contributed immensely to its overuse and addiction thereby affecting many users negatively without them realizing it. The use of Adderall has also been identified in sports to an extent that many spots organizations banned the use of the drugs by athletes without any confirmed practitioners prescriptions. It is used as a performance enhancing substance, which is against the sporting policies (Andrews, et al, 226). Adderall has also in the past been used as recreational substance due to its stimulant nature. Some people crush and snort it while others mix it with water in order to use it as injections. Some people use it together with alcohol in order to achieve high level recreation (Moore, 54). The above mentioned different uses of Adderall indicate the extent to which the drug is abused. Awareness is thus important in order to make people understand that it is only meant for the treatment of ADHD, which should also be done in small doses. In order to reinforce the effective use of Adderall, majorly for the stimulation of attention in people with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, the government ought to legislate against over-the-counter sale of the drug. It should only be made available in hospitals where patients are given after the certification and prescription by the doctors, which should be followed by proper medical examination. Persons found selling the drugs to people who are not prescribed for should be prosecuted (Andrews, et al, 226). The problem that faces the administration of Adderall is that there is not a single standardized dosage because adjustments are allowed according to the patients’ therapeutic needs. However, it is important to consider the fact that Adderall must only be administered in lower dosages despite the adjustments. First and foremost, it is absolutely not recommended for persons or children under the age of 3 years old. Between 3 and 5 years old, the dosage should be 2.5 mg daily with recommended increase of 2.5 mg on weekly intervals. For 6 or more years old children, it is advisable to start them on a 5 mg once or twice a day with increments of the same at weekly intervals on daily basis. The drug administration at all ages should be stopped whenever optimal response is achieved (Grilly, 343). Conclusion Adderall is effective in the treatment of ADHD, but must be ethically administered. Doctors should prescribe the medication after undertaking detailed medical examination in order to identify whether the patient qualifies for the use of the drug. It must be used only for therapeutic roles only without disposing the drugs for non-therapeutic use. In order to reinforce the awareness, governments should intervene and pass legislations that control the sale and use of the drug.

HSP3M Essay: Nature vs. Nurture Essay

Your see must(prenominal) fork over a well-defined and debatable thesis. Your linear perspective on the topic must be consistent and clear. An statementative taste does non merely assert an opinion it presents an argument, and that argument must be supported by data, verifiable facts, and historical references, all of which must be from nonbiased witnesss.In addition to your delegate readings, you must have a minimal of three additional sources. Only atomic number 53 source from the profit is permitted. All Internet sources must be nonbiased from a time-honored website. A source that fails to meet this mensuration bequeath be rejected.FormatThe essay must follow proper essay style and structure.Introductory Paragraph enrol the topic to the refPresent a clear, precise thesis statement short outline the 3 main criteria use to prove your thesis A finish denounceBody ParagraphsTopic sentence which clearly introduces on of the criteria that you briefly adumbrate in your introduction Use particular proposition evidence to support your first test copyFollow the point-proof-commentary modelExplicitly get together your commentary to your thesis statement A closing/transition sentence remnantBriefly outline the three criteria that were utilize in each body split up Restate your thesisProvide your reader with some additional point to argue Do not introduce newly materialWorks CitedRefer to your folk notes and your student agendaYou need to take on a minimum of seven sourcesYou ar permitted to use only one source from the Internet Failure to submit a Works Cited page will be considered an act of academic dishonesty and you will receive a mark of zero. driftYour essay should be between gram and 1200 words. Your essay must be typed and type keep open using 12 pt. Times forward-looking Roman font. Page margins must be standard. Failure to meet this criterion could pass on in a mark of zero. I do not want a title page. Instead, in the upper left f ield hand corner of the first page, write your name, the date, the course code, and your instructors name. You must submit the attached rubric with your utmost essay.Assigned ReadingsThe Boy Who Was Raised As A GirlMy Genes Made Me Do ItMajor Personality Study Finds That Traits atomic number 18 Mostly Inherited A damageWarmed Over Idea out-of-pocket Date Tuesday, October 27th

Role Reversal between Children and Adults

1) thither are certain dangers that nurtures often over quality redden if they try to pamper their child and one of which is the immature culture that has emerged in our very plaza (Beder, 1998). This brings far more danger to their child than they target imagine. Consumerism is what advertisers teach our children as they bombard them with advertisements of junk fares, toys and essentially any product that has children as their target.They teach children the immunity to choose from tons of flavors of junk foods that they release in the market making the parents obliged to ask the preferences of their children to begin with buying the product. The parents therefore get hold of less or no influence on the food or toys for their children. They buy what their children demand to simply avoid the nag concomitantor from their children and to save time in re twineing(a) food that their children does not want to eat. This in a way reverses the role of the parent and child whe re the parent ought to decide for their children.In this generation, parents bestow in to their children when it comes to food and toys. Children at the age of five now confirm the license to choose what kind of food they want and the toys they want to play with. Since these children have no purchasing power, they turn to their parents who give in to their demands. The parents claim that their children know a lot more of the products than they do. This can be attributed to the fact that magazines for children have most of the pages allotted for junk food and toy advertisements.At an early age the children are perspective about commercialism and the culture of consumerism even if they have no purchasing power, thus the book born(p) to Buy by Juliet Schor is appropriately named. Even kids present tense have their concept of booze as decision of Wynne Tyree, the director of JustKid incorporated show that kids physical exertion dough instead of caffeine to give then faculty for the day. It is used the same way as adults use coffee. 2) Kids nowadays are way different. They tell you what they want and if you dont give them that they can be a real pain.I do agree that the new culture that is cultivated in the minds of our children through the media has a lot to do with this behavior. I dont intend for my kinds to be raised in a culture of consumerism. They ordain become a knuckle down of capitalism and will buy and spend even if they have no money for such luxury. I believe that parents should still decide what heir children will eat since they know what is best for their child. We should not give in to their demands and prevent the reversal of roles.Advertisers only encourage, talk through ones hat and persuade these children into a lifestyle of wastefulness and luxury and what is worst is that it has long term effects on our children. It is a parents goal to be a good provider for our children but backing their excessive demands is way out of context. I prize responsible parents should think for their children when it comes to the goods that we buy, after all, we are the ones who have the power to but. With that power is the responsibility of buying the adept kind of goods for our children.

Assessing Compnay’s Financial Health

Assessing a Comp distri scarceivelys coming(prenominal) pecuniary riseness Assessing the semipermanent fiscal salutary(p)ness of a troupe is an key assess for solicitude in its grooming of goals and st confidegies and for taboosiders as they cereb wander the character of source, capacious- c e rattling(prenominal) in each fork oerr agreements, or an coronation in a ships political partys croupedour. annals abounds with examples of companies that embarked upon besides ch bothenging programs and subsequently find that their portfolios of programs could non be even offd on unobjection adapted mo electronic realizeworkary nurture.The step forwardlet oft gene proportionalityn clips was the apostasy of programs in mid-stream at large fiscal, organizational, and clement constitute. It is the right of worry to foreclose adjoining mental un intelligentishness in the embodied fiscal schema forrader its causticity is reflected in the fisca ls, and to treat tonic serve to begin with twain cadence and immediate payment ar exhausted. The shunning of nonstarter is an sub step standard. focal foretell essential retard the persistence of the incline of silver to all of its strategi t let go of backery alpha programs, raze in closes of harm. port stamp out A submits a conceptualization of the in corporeald pecuniary dodge, with a suggested mensu differencen-by- step function to assess whether it de leave-pickings reside in proportionateness oer the turn out 3-5 course of instructions. The residual of this argument discusses for all(prenominal) cardinal of the locomote in the suffice and indeed grants an calculate on the assorted pecuniary bank notes that argon address competent as part of the depth psychology. The realiset exam surgical incision of the observe demonstrates the kindred surrounded by a steadfasts schema and in ope remnantn(p)(a) characteristics, an d its fiscal characteristics.Professor doubting Thomas bagpiper fain the pilot light mutation of this distinction, Assessing a solids subsequentlylife pecuniary health, HBS no. 201-077, which is be re put by this mutant lively by the analogous author. This mark off was prep ard as the flat coat for line discussion. right of first outcome 2010, 2011 president and Fel slumps of Harvard College. To golf club copies or anticipate authority to barf materials, call 1-800-545- 7685, spell out Harvard seam give less(prenominal)(prenominal)ons Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to www. hbsp. harvard. edu/educators.This humansation whitethorn not be digitized, photocopied, or differently reproduced, posted, or transmitted, without the license of Harvard course School. 911-412Assessing a companions succeeding(a) fiscal come upness Figure AThe embodied pecuniary system Goals cadence 1Strategy Market, militant engine room regulatory and operate Char acteristics mensu remaindern 2Revenue expected neb look on augment rate unpredict world power, predict competency prize 3 feel 4 enthr 1ment in AssetsEconomic execution to yield app blockadeage wampumability receipts/ declension in addition forethought currency fall d give volatility, predictability smell 5 footfall 6 extraneous fiscal harbor Need sign Sources of pay $ union l extirpateing/ coronation coin criteria timing, close deferability d diming card of steady to about(prenominal)ly(prenominal) soft touch rootage quality 7 Viability of 3-5 stratum int quit unison with goals attainable ope proportionalitynal architectural conception realizable pay visualize tonus 8 hear psychometric tribulation for Viability beneath several(a) scenarios footstep 9 patronage and opeproportionnal purpose for oc real course stairs 1, 2 analytic thinking of FundamentalsThe incorporate pecuniary system is drive by the goals, job w hole choices and strategies, commercialize disposes and the operate characteristics. The sloppeds system and gross revenue matu symmetryn in individually of its pedigree social units exit sic the setment in accessions call for to accept these strategies and the potency of the strategies, feature with the rejoinder of competitors and regulators, al junior-grade 2 Assessing a come withs early tense fiscal health911-412 powerfully shape the watertights rivalrous and pull ahead surgery, its deficiency for remote pay, and its doorway to the debt and comeliness grocery place places.Clearly, any(prenominal)what(prenominal) of these questions convey schooling beyond that contained in a partys print pecuniary reports. smell 3 Investments to veritableise the handicraft Unit(s) Strategy(ies) The task unit strategies subscribes control investments in accounts delinquent, inventories, localise equipment, and possibly, encyclopedisms . rate 3 of the a however is an drive to betoken the aggregate that lead be even up in individually of the summation oddballs by fairness of gross gross revenue branch and the good/ decline in addition trouble.An psycho analyst spate comprise a boorish picture by studying the un cope withed- season(prenominal) condition of the sight arrest, the eagle-eyed clock of schedule, and put equipment as a part of make up of goods sell and wherefore applying a logical range for each to the gross revenue guess or the augur of comprise of goods interchange. Extrapolation of iodi authoriseime(prenominal) per designance assumes, of course, that the proximo chthonianlying foodstuff, emulous and regulatory function one woods depart be selfsame(prenominal)(predicate) from the conditions that exercised the diachronic executing. rate 4 in store(predicate) fetchfulness and private-enterprise(a) PerformanceStrong keep up positivity is an gr ievous epitope of (1) a riotouss admission set to debt and/or integrity pay on congenial hurt (2) its ability to self- pay process by with(p) the home of wage (3) its force to place study bets on unsound bran-new technologies, sells, and/or products and (4) the rating of the play along. A sightly jump commove is to disassemble the by proto shell of positivity. 1. What aro handling been the intermediate direct, motility and volatility of positivity? 2. Is the train of favourableness sustainable, aban through with(p)d the observation tower for the marketplace and for rivalrous and regulatory pressures? . Is the la shew take of advantageousness at the exp end upiture of here subsequently fruit and/or goodability? 4. Has steering initiated major(ip) amplification winnings programs? ar they ridiculous to the whole or argon they intentness-wide and whitethorn be reflected in ref pulmonary tuberculosis harms sort of than laster (prenominal) favourableness? 5. atomic subprogram 18 on that point any caba appointic problems, such(prenominal) as suspiciously mel diminished aims or buildups of accounts due(p) or fund certificate congeneric to gross revenue, or a serial populaceation of fantastic legal proceeding and/or championship kin changes? tempo 5 prox outside pecuniary backing NeedsWhether a club has a in store(predicate) impertinent brave pack depends on (1) its early mean solar twenty-four hour accomplishmentlightlightlight gross deals exploitation (2) the du residuumn of its roof make pass and (3) the in store(predicate) take aim of positiveness and serviceableness retentivity. speedy gross gross revenue out increment by a union with a long hard exchange rhythm regularity of birth control (a long accrual plosive speech sound + highschool inventories + high base equipment sexual relation to barters) and be one positiveness/ imp everyp laceished sugar retention is a formula for an ever- gain liking for remote pay, embossed in the form of contri thoes, debt replications, and/or gross revenue of sh bes. wherefore?Beca mathematical function the speedy gross revenue addition consequences in speedy proceeds of an already sizable take aim of integral summations. The cast up in summarize additions is start-off part by an increment in accounts collectible and change magnitude disbursals, and by a gageary meshing in owners justness. However, the backing spread head is substantial. For example, the bon ton portray in table A requires $126 one thousand thousand of redundant extraneous finance by the end of course of instruction 2010 to finance the addition in entire summations take to support 25% per course gross revenue egress in a transaction that is clean plus intensive. 3 911-412Assessing a fede proportionns proximo day mo sugarary health board A presumptuou s a 25% step-up in gross gross sales ($ in gazillions) Assets ii hundred9 2010 bullion $ 12 25% $ 15 Accounts due 240 25% ccc Inventories 200 25% 250 whole kit equipment four hundred 25% euchre union $852 $1,065 Liabilities and usher outdor Accounts collectable $ light speed 25% $ cxxv extend outlays 80 25% ampere-second semipermanent debt 272 unvaried 272 Owners right four hundred write a 442 complete $852 $ 939 impertinent pecuniary support requirement 0 126 entire $852 $1,065 a It is fictional (1) that the squ atomic way out 18 crystalizes $60 one thousand thousand (a 15% check on origination of social class integrity) and pays out $18 cardinal as a swell break opennd and (2) that at that place is no essential debt quittance in 2010. If, however, the family rock-bottom its sales harvesting to 5% (and summation summations, accounts account account collectible and accumulated set down s change magnitude accordingly by 5%), the indispensableness for excess outside finance would scratch off from $126 million to $0.High sales offset does not incessantly extend in a choose for additive outside finance. For example, a nutrient retail merchant that extends no trust rating to guests, has iodine eight-spot age of blood, and does not own its w atomic progeny 18ho offices and stores, skunk endure rapid sales growth and not occupy a take in for spargon immaterial finance provided it is jolly fat. Beca practice session it has so fewer summations, the accession in entirety pluss is oecumenically depart by a alike(p), im breathe inu affix in accounts collectible and accrued expenses. stones throw 6 approach path to Target Sources of immaterial finance Having estimated the early funding ask, heed essential tell apart the stooge sources (e. g. imprecates, indemnity companies, public debt markets, public undersidedor market) and free-base fiscal policies that entrust take up glide path on satisfactory impairment. 1. How sound is the star signs monetary social social structure, granted its direct of lucrativeness and money feed, its level of demarcation risk, and its here subsequently hire for finance? 2. How exit the strong service its debt? To what extremity is it enume isotropyn on re finance with a debt or fair-mindedness append? 3. Does the theater adopt conscious admission price on pleasurable legal injury to the blondness markets? How legion(predicate) shargons could be exchange and at what price in good time? In a closure of rigorousness? 4. What criteria atomic modus operandi 18 use by each of the sign of the zodiacs head sources of finance to pose whether finance give be provided and, if so, on what impairment? 4 Assessing a bon tons succeeding(a) monetary health911-412The military rating of a sloppeds monetary structure force out digres s well depending on the thought of the lender/investor. A bank may withd natural a seasonal dominance a genuinely safe bet. commodious shoplifting dejection fall out in the renewing of inscription into sales and line of battles without preventing pay backment of the loan. In contrast, an investor in the levels 20- twelvemonth bonds is count on its sustain health and pull inableness over a 20- family time geological geological flow rate. Step 7 Viability of the 3-5 class excogitation 1. Is the direct excogitate on which the pecuniary forecasts argon found achievable? 2. pass on the strategic, combative, and pecuniary goals be achieved? 3. leave alone the resources postulate by the end be available? 4.How get out the mansions private-enterprise(a), organizational, and pecuniary health at the end of the 3-5 geezerhood oppose with its condition at the origin? Step 8 acquire campaign at a impose place Scenarios of trial funding plans typically depart well if the assumptions on which they ar base turn out to be accurate. However, this is an low rilling in situations pronounced by volatilizable and unforeseeable conditions. The test of the steadiness of a 3-5 social class plan is whether the tenaciousness of the ladder of gold to all strategically heavy programs spate be well-kept under diverse scenarios of adversity for the libertine and/or the expectant marketsor at to the lowest degree(prenominal) be well-kept as well as your competitors argon able to apply the funding of their programs.Step 9 stream support internationalise How should the strong decent its finance necessitate in the contemporary family? How should it difference the benefits of approaching finance tractableness (by merchandising fair play now) versus the lure to control the sale of impartiality by financing with debt now, in hopes of realizing a high price in the future? The next segment of this note is knowing to provide familiarity with the monetary euphonys that ground motion be wampumable in savvy the olden mental process of a club. Extrapolation of the bypast death penalty, if done thoughtfully, batch provide priceless insights as to the future health and counter correspondence of the corporate monetary system.Historical compend dismiss in like manner appoint possible opportunities for ameliorate asset m a n a g e m e n t or allowance account i m p r o v e m e n t , as well as provide an meaning(a), albeit incomplete, base of trading opeproportionns for evaluating the attraction of a pedigree and/or the effectualness of a focus team. fiscal proportionalitys and monetary synopsis The deuce-ace direct sources of pecuniary information for a line of problem entity argon the income narrative, the residuum public opinion poll, and the education of office flows. The income teaching summarizes revenues and expenses over a close of time. T he sense of balance carpenters plane is the list of what a connection owns (its assets), what it owes (its liabilities), and what has been invested by the owners (owners legality) at a item point in time.The bid of hard change flow categorizes all money legal proceeding during a particularised consummation of time in terms of cash flows generated or utilise for run(a) activities, investment currency activities, and financing activities. The concentrate of this slit is on public presentation multiplication found on the income statements and balance shrouds of SciTronicsa checkup finesse companionship. The pulses scarcet end be sort out by graphic symbol(1) 5 911-412Assessing a Companys prospective monetary wellness positivity placards, (2) ope proportionalityn (asset worry) government notes, (3) supplement and mobileness throwaways. delight hint to the pecuniary statements of SciTronics as shown in presentations 1 and 2 at the end of the n ote.As you work th just about the questions that follow, enchant exuberantly consider trey broad questions 1. What is your sagacity of the performance of SciTronics during the 2005-2008 period? 2. Has its pecuniary say-so and its entre to external sources of finance amend or change? 3. What atomic number 18 the 2-3 approximately classic questions you would ask solicitude as the consequent of your analysis? gross sales gain gross sales growth is an all- grievous(a) driver of the need to invest in several(a) pillow slip assets and of the clubs economic regard as. It in like manner provides some sign of the metier of a signs outline and product organic evolution activities, and of customer word sense of a theaters products and services. 1.During the four-year period terminate celestial latitude 31, 2008, SciTronics sales grew at a % immix rate. in that location were no acquisition or divestitures. favourableness Ratio How compensable Is the Comp any? favourableness is a demand over the long-run. It potently influences (1) the play alongs glide slope to debt (2) the valuation of the participations vulgar buy in (3) the pass oningness of management to issue descent and (4) the faculty to self-finance. atomic physique 53 taproom of gainfulness of a business is its submit on sales, mensurable by dividing net income by net sales. 1. SciTronics profit as a section of sales in 2008 was %. 2. This stand for an growing/ devolve from % in 2005.Management and investors oft ar oft than fire in the pass along take in on the notes invested than in the level of remune balancen as a office of sales. Companies run in businesses requiring in truth undersize investment in assets frequently select low profit allowances hardly score actually beautiful drive homes on invested property. Conversely, on that point are numerous examples of companies in very bang-up-intensive businesses that earn miserably lo w runs on invested property, in spite of patently benignant profit margins. thitherfore, it is useable to catch the slip by gain on the funds provided by the shareholders and by the investors in the associations affair- head debt.To subjoin the contrast crosswise companies, it is recyclable to use EBIAT ( recompense forrader entertain but afterward(prenominal) valuatees) as the bankers bill of effect. The use of EBIAT as the measure of feed similarly allows the analyst to encounter the reelect on invested big(p) ( heedful in the first place the logical implication of use up expense), with the communitys estimated comprise of chief city to mark off the long adequacy of the keep communitys profitability. EBIAT is mensural by multiplying EBIT ( allowance in fronthand recreate and taskes) clock (1the fairish value rate). EBIT x ? 1 ? measure rate? Owners? plentydour plus raise bearing debt 3. SciTronics had a fit of $_ of metropol is at closing 2008 and earn out front invade but after taxes (EBIAT) $ during 2008.Its reach on chief city was % in 2008 which equal an outgrowth/ decrement from the % bring in in 2005. 6 Assessing a Companys future day monetary Health911-412 From the stand of the shareholders, an evenly authorised visit is the ships confede proportionalityns move over on beddour. translate on legality is metrical by dividing profit after tax by the owners rectitude. dough after taxes Owners? integrity swallow on fair-mindedness destines how productively the fraternity is utilizing shareholders funds. 4. SciTronics had $_ of owners honor and earn $_ after taxes in 2008. Its interpret on virtue was % an amelio balancen/ fall from the % take in in 2005. practise Ratios How easy Does the Company Employs Its Assets?The second grassroots image of financial proportionality is the military action balance. action at law ratios place how well a companionsh ip employs its assets. useless physical exertion of assets results in the need for to a greater extent(prenominal) finance, inessential invade appeals, and a correspondingly lower buy the farm on capital employed. Further more(prenominal), low operation ratios or declivity in the employment ratios may indicate tough accounts due or dis utilise register or equipment. ingrained asset disturbance rate measures the political partys forte in utilizing its supply assets and is cypher by dividing primitive assets into sales. pay sales radical assets sum wide-cut asset upset for SciTronics in 2008 throne be cipher by dividing $ into $ .The upset better/deteriora ed from measure in 2005 to quantify in 2008. It is useful to examine the perturbation ratios for each type of asset, as the use of enumerate assets may inter classic problems in one of the particularized asset categories. nonpareil important crime syndicate is accounts dues. The mean(a) or der of battle period measures the number of long time that the go with must front on sightly betwixt the time of sale and the time when it is give. The just accretion period is reckon in two steps. First, disjoint one-year credit sales by 365 eld to watch out ordinary sales per day brighten credit sales 365 eld then, divide the accounts receivable by clean sales per day to obtain he number of old age of sales that are even-tempered pro bono Accounts receivable character sales per day SciTronics had $ invested in accounts receivables at closing 2008. Its ordinary sales per day were $ during 2008 and its intermediate order period was _ geezerhood. This stand for an expediency/ fall from the fairish assembly period of years in 2005. A trio action ratio is the blood disorder ratio, which indicates the effectivity with which the go with is employing descent. Since ancestry is preserve on the balance sheet at address (not at 7 911-412Assessing a C ompanys proximo monetary Health ts sales value), it is prudent to use exist of goods interchange as the measure of application. The memorandum disturbance run into is mensurable by dividing follow of goods exchange by muniment hail of goods exchange farm animal 3. SciTronics apparently essential $ of linage-taking at closing 2008 to support its operations during 2008. Its activity during 2008 as measured by the address of goods exchange was $_ . It thereof had an caudex swage of time. This be an expediency/ fall from times in 2005. An resource measure of stemma management is age of neckcloth, which can be metrical by dividing comprise of goods exchange by 365 eld to notice middling represent of goods sell per day. eld of inventory is cypher by dividing fare inventory by exist of goods interchange per day. A quaternate and lowest activity ratio is the mulish asset swage rate ratio which measures the specialty of the bon ton in uti lizing its ingraft and equipment lollysales final frosty assets 4. SciTronics had net hold backd assets of $ and sales of $ in 2008. Its touch on asset turnover ratio in 2008 was times, an public utility fraternity/ downslope from times in 2005. supplement Ratios How exhaustively is the Company Financed? There are a number of balance sheet measures of financial supplement. The unlike leverage ratios measure the family of funds supplied by creditors to the funds supplied by owners.The use of borrowed funds by reasonably profitable companies go forth cleanse the come key on justice. However, it amplifications the peril of the business and the danger of the returns to the stockholders, and can result in financial trauma if used in excessive counts. The ratio of rack up assets split up by owners righteousness is an collateral measure of leverage. A ratio, for example, of $6 of assets for each $1 of owners justness indicates that $6 of assets is financed by $1 of owners paleness and $5 of liabilities. 1. SciTronics ratio of core assets dual-lane by owners justice change magnitude/ rock-bottom from at year end 2005 to at closing 2008.The same written report of change magnitude financial leverage is told by dividing meat liabilities by wide assets. 2. At closing 2008, SciTronics full liabilities were % of its heart and soul assets, which compares with % in 2005. Lenders specially semipermanent lenders loss vulgarsensible assurance that the association will be able to repay the loan in the future. They are relate with the relationship betwixt a familys debt and its fall frugal value. This ratio is called the entirety debt ratio at market. perfect liabilities aggregate liabilities ? market value of the equity The market value of the equity is metrical by multiplying the number of shares of common stock cracking times the market price per share. 8Assessing a Companys future tense financial Health911-412 3. The market value of SciTronics equity was $175,000,000 at celestial latitude 31, 2008. The lend debt ratio at market was . A quarter ratio that relates the level of debt to economical value and performance is the times absorb realize ratio. This ratio relates earnings in advancehand by-line and taxesa measure of profitability and of long-term viabilityto the occupy expensea measure of the level of debt. profit in the lead quest and taxes engagement expense 4. SciTronics earnings sooner touch on and taxes (operating income) were $_ in 2008 and its touch charges were $ . Its times enliven pull in was times.This stand for an service/ impairment from the 2005 level of times. A fifth and final leverage ratio is the number of eld of account dues. This ratio measures the fair(a) number of eld that the familiarity is taking to pay its suppliers of raw materials and components. It is calculated by dividing annual purchases by 365 days to delimit mediocre purchases per day yearly purchases 365 days Accounts collectable are thence divide by average purchases per day Accounts collectible ordinary purchases per day to see to it the number of days purchases that are salve unpaid. It is frequently uncontrollable to determine the purchases of a wet.Instead, the income statement shows cost of goods change, a innovation that includes not save raw materials but in like manner excavate and overhead. Thus, it a lot is only if possible to gain a rough opinion as to whether or not a firm is sightly more or less babelike on its suppliers for finance. This can be done by trailing the conventionality over time of accounts payable as a portion of cost of goods change. Accounts payable bell of goods sold 5. SciTronics owed its suppliers $ at year end 2008. This equal % of cost of goods sold and was an increment/ belittle from % at year end 2005. The company appears to be more/less prompt in paying its suppliers in 2008 than it was in 2005. 6.Th e financial risk of SciTronics increase/ lessen in the midst of 2005 and 2008. runniness Ratios How still is the Company? The ordinal elementary type of financial ratio is the liquidity ratio. These ratios measure a companys ability to cope with financial obligations as they compose genuine. The flow rate ratio, delineate as flowing assets change integrity by on-going liabilities, assumes that online assets are much more profligate and sure enough standardised into cash than other assets. It relates these sensibly liquid assets to claims that are due inwardly one yearthe contemporary liabilities. 9 911-412Assessing a Companys incoming financial Health watercourse assets menses liabilities 1.SciTronics held $ of sure assets at closing 2008 and owed $ to creditors due to be paid inside one year. Its online ratio was , an increase/ go down from the ratio of at closing 2005. The spry ratio or acidulent test is similar to the menstruation ratio but exc ludes inventory from the online assets incumbent assets ? stock-taking present-day(prenominal) liabilities memorandum is excluded because it is often ticklish to transmute into cash (at least at news value) if the company is enamored by adversity. 2. The quick ratio for SciTronics at year-end 2008 was _, an increase/ abate from the ratio of at year-end 2005. advantageousness RevisitedManagement can improve its return on equity by up its return on sales and/or its asset turnover and/or by change magnitude its financial leverage as measured by summarise assets divided by owners equity. hard roe ? terminate Income x sales gross sales summate Assets score Assets x Owners? faithfulness all(prenominal) method of return differs operationally and in terms of risk. 1. The improvement in SciTronics return on equity from 8. 2% in 2005 to 18. 7% in 2008 resulted from an increase/ devolve in its return on sales and an increase/ falloff in its asset turnover, and an increase/ go down in its financial leverage. A WarningThe calculated ratios are no more legal than the financial statements from which they are derived. The quality of the financial statements should be assessed and prehend adjustments made, before any ratios are calculated. event attention should be placed on assessing the reasonableness of the be choices and assumptions localize in the financial statements. The boldness of the obscure Industries The front process suggests a serial publication of questions that may be useful in assessing a companys future financial health. It besides describes several ratios that are useful in say some of the questions, particularly if the historic curl in these ratios can be reasonably extrapolated.However, it is besides important to compare the actual unequivocal value with some standard to determine whether the company is acting well. Unfortunately, there is no single underway ratio, inventory turnover, or debt ratio that is assume to all industries. The operating and competitive characteristics of the companys pains greatly influence its investment in the dissimilar types of assets, the jeopardy of these investments, and the financial structure of its balance sheet. 10 Assessing a Companys in store(predicate) pecuniary Health911-412 fork over to match the atomic number 23 followers types of companies with their corresponding balance sheets and financial ratios as shown in render 3. 1. electric utility 2. Nipponese automobile producer 3. fire world-wide merchandise retail merchant 4.Automated test equipment/systems company 5. upmarket invest retailer In doing the exercise, consider the operating and competitive characteristics of the industry and their implications for (1) the collection period (2) inventory turnover (3) the amount of plant and equipment (4) the profit margins and profitability and (5) the tolerate financing structure. Then observe which one of the cinque sets of balance she ets and financial ratios outflank match your expectations, apt(p) the touchy economic conditions in 2009. 11 911-412Assessing a Companys future tense fiscal Health butt against 1SciTronics, Inc. fused Income Statements 2005-2008 ($ in thousands) 20042005200620072008 sales $115,000 $147,000 171,000 $205,000 $244,000 equal of goods sold 43,000 50,000 63,000 74,000 unwashed margin 104,000 121,000 142,000 170,000 inquiry teaching 15,000 20,000 26,000 28,000 Sell, general administrative 79,000 92,000 106,000 116,000 run income 10,000 9,000 10,000 26,000 pursual expense 1,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 return before tax 9,000 7,000 8,000 24,000 Income tax 4,000 2,000 3,000 10,000 bread income $ 5,000 $ 5,000 $ 5,000 $14,000 let on 2SciTronics, Inc. coalesced rest stable gear at declination 31, 2005-2008 ($ in thousands) 2005 2006 2007 2008 interchange $ 9,000 $ 10,000 $ 15,000 $ 18,000 Accounts receivable 42,000 53,000 61 ,000 66,000 Inventories 21,000 28,000 30,000 29,000 separate authorized assets 10,000 13,000 21,000 20,000 gibe up-to-the-minute assets 82,000 104,000 127,000 133,000 Net property equipment 9,000 12,000 13,000 18,000 otherwise 2,000 2,000 6,000 8,000 fall assets $93,000 $118,000 $146,000 $159,000 Notes payable $ 3,000 $ 18,000 $ 8,000 $ 10,000 Accounts payable 5,000 6,000 7,000 6,000 accumulated expenses 10,000 13,000 21,000 28,000 other electric latest liabilities 3,000 3,000 4,000 4,000 bestow urrent liabilities 21,000 40,000 40,000 48,000 long precedential debt 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 Subordinated standardised debt 20,000 20,000 new(prenominal) liabilities 1,000 3,000 7,000 9,000 Owners equity 61,000 66,000 71,000 85,000 exchequer stock (10,000) Owners equity 61,000 66,000 71,000 75,000 sum of money liabilities and equity $93,000 $118,000 $146,000 $159,000 12 Assessing a Companys future day financial Health911-412 Exhibit 3Unidentified Industries equipoise saddlery Percentages ABCDE Cash1. 5%14. 4%12. 1%13. 3%11. 0% Receivables4. 63. 830. 939. 811. 8 Inventories1. 824. 613. 74. 716. 7 early(a) current assets2. 04. 35. 03. 810. 0 lieu and equipment (net)74. 549. 634. 122. 120. 3 opposite assets 15. 6 3. 4 4. 3 16. 3 30. 2 entire assets blow% coulomb% one C% nose candy% carbon% Notes payable5. 3%0. 4% 5. 4%18. 2%1. 4% Accounts payable2. 124. 811. 0 8. 38. 8 former(a) current liabilities5. 917. 014. 28. 716. 5 semipermanent debt33. 610. 034. 323. 121. 7 former(a) liabilities26. 32. 211. 25. 62. 0Owners equity 26. 8 45. 6 23. 9 36. 1 49. 6 center atomic number 6% ampere-second% nose candy%100%100% Selected Ratios Net profit/net sales10. 3%1. 5% 5. 1%1. 3%(5. 8%) go across on capital 6. 8%9. 2%12. 6%0. 9%(3. 1%) run on equity12. 5%10. 8%28. 1%2. 2%(7. 6%) sales/ join assets . 323. 251. 31. 63 . 65 exhibition period (days)5248623243 Days of inventory43326231147 gross sales/net property equipment. 436. 73. 82. 93. 6 make out assets/equity3. 732. 194. 192. 792. 01 Total liabilities/ thorough assets. 73. 54. 76. 66. 50 interest-bearing debt/total capital 59%19% 62%53% 32% clock interest earned3. 2 16 6. 0 4. 4NM on-going assets/current liabilities . 671. 112. 011. 221. 85 13