Barriers to Effective Communication for Nurses Essay

Barriers to Effective Communication Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages between two or more people; this is something that we do all the time. It is important that nurses recognize that communication is the key to good holistic care, as patients need reassurance and information regarding their care. Communication is so much more than just talking to one another. It is how people respond to each other in many different ways (Langs 1983). Some examples of communication are talking, writing, signing, reading and body language, which is suggested, has several elements (Dimbleby and Burton 1992). Communication can be very effective but first it needs to be†¦show more content†¦Hearing loss can be broken down into many different categories. For example, there are two main types of hearing loss, these are pre lingual deafness and post lingual deafness. These can then be broken down into physical, psychosocial and spiritual aspects. For the purpose of this work, I am going to explore the physical aspects of deafness. Many people just assume that the main problem with having a hearing impairment is that it is hard to understand speech and the consequent isolation from the rest of the noise-producing world. However, pre lingual deafness is defined as someone who has been completely deaf from birth so therefore gives rise to expressive problems in both speech and language (Syder 1992). A post lingual deaf person is someone who has lost there hearing suddenly or gradually and the loss can be partial or total (Syder 1992). One fifth of the countries population suffers some sort of hearing loss (Martin and Grover 1986). This covers a wide range of problems from minor difficulties to complete loss. Not recognising a hearing problem could result in patients/clients becoming withdrawn, isolated and excluded from people around them. Chalfont suggests that deafness was the loneliest disability as it isolates them from the rest of the community (Chalfont 1986). The most frustrating and depressing part aboutShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Communication Boards For Non English Speaking Patients1196 Words   |  5 Pagesimprovement study was to evaluate nurses’ perceptions on the use of communication boards for non-English speaking patients, primarily Spanish and Russian speaking patients. Background Establishing effective communication with the patient is a critical factor in promoting patient quality care. Good communication is fundamental when providing safe and effective care at the beside in order to increase the quality of patient care. One of the many communicative barriers that exists between patients andRead MoreThe Diversity Of The U.s. Population941 Words   |  4 Pagesof the U.S. population in the context of possible communication barriers in relation to this diversity and how it affects healthcare. Defining communication in addition to the challenges of communication barriers as well as examples of how these barriers can interfere with nursing care and the understanding of health care are discussed. As well this report reviews nursing standards and core competencies in regards to effective communication. Barriers to best practices are defined, as well as examplesRead MoreCommunication : The Essential Factors That Affect The Choice Of Words Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pages Communication is one of the essential factors to maintain a good quality of life because it allows humans to interact and to provide comfort. Communication includes verbal and nonverbal. During verbal communication, there are many factors that affect the choice of words. For example, age, race, socioeconomic status, education background, gender, place, and situation are the factors. Nonverbal communication includes body language, facial expressions, and active listening. The ability to classifyRead MoreThe Importance Of Bedside Handover With Isbar1537 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays, policies are made to safeguard both the nurses and the patients, especially when it is all about the patient’s safety and satisfaction. The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care or ACSQHC (2012) claimed that one of the effective approach in the transfer of obligation and responsibility in the care of the patients to another professionals in either permanent or t emporary basis is by performing a bedside handover. Bedside handover using ISBAR framework has proved inRead MoreThe Nurse Of The Future Core Competency : Communication859 Words   |  4 PagesThe Nurse of the Future Core Competency: Communication Communication is any form of expressing and receiving of messages between individuals. The importance of Communication in the nursing profession is to maintain high quality care for the patient but also maintain effective collaboration between professionals. Boykins, D (2014) states that the â€Å"registered nurse is expected to communicate in various formats and in all areas of practice†. Various formats include speaking to patients and coworkersRead MoreThe Importance Of Effective Interpersonal Communication Skills1264 Words   |  6 PagesInterpersonal communication is a fundamental skill that nurses use every day to interact and communicate. These skills include clinical empathy towards patients, diverse cultural understanding, non-verbal communication and skills used to communicate with deaf patients. This paper will discuss why it is important for nurses to use effective interpersonal communication skills and tips to overcome elderspeak to help minimize patient complain s within the healthcare practice. To create a healthy nurse – patientRead MoreThe Importance Of Effective Communication For Different Social Groups And Use Specific Interpersonal Strategy1329 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition of communication necessarily involves â€Å"an exchange of ideas and an ability to stimulate meaning for the recipient of the message†(Grover, 2005). Effective communication can be influenced by varies components such as gender, hierarchy, trust, self-disclosure, empathy, mutuality and context. This paper will discuss the importance for nurses to use effective communication skills in regards to different social groups and use specific interpersonal strategy. Additionally it identifies how nurses canRead MoreEffective Communication Between Health Care Physicians And Nurses869 Words   |  4 PagesEffective communication in healthcare promotes patient care. Communication in health care does poses barriers. For example, the emotions, attitudes and personalities of each health professi onal does present a threat to effective communication. The article is on a research proposal highlighting how emotional intelligence and social awareness removes communication barriers. For, an individual with a high level of emotional intelligence would control their emotion when confronted with conflict. In additionRead MoreResearch Summary and Ethical Considerations Essay927 Words   |  4 Pageshistory have children risked outliving their parents and developing middle-aged adult illnesses while still young. School nurses hold enormous potential to affect change in the area of children’s health and pediatric obesity, however many are not taking advantage of the opportunities placed before them for a variety of reasons. This study addresses school nurse’s perceived barriers to weight-related issues. This paper will discuss the study, the method used in obtaining data and the results, and howRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesHeal th Professionals (HP) rely on one another s effective communication to provide quality and safe patient care. As an HP, effective communication is nevertheless carried to assist patients regarding their medical conditions – personal pain (and comfort). Therefore, it is the main goal to have the knowledge about professional communication and to gain a collective view of therapeutic and professional interpersonal communication. HP, inter-professionally, with their combined knowledge and skills

Can Alzheimers Be Stopped - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1247 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Alzheimer's Disease Essay Did you like this example? Summary This material was prepared by a big team which was written and produced by Sarah Holt known as film director. American and Colombian medical and genetic researchers united to investigate if Alzheimers disease can be stopped or not. On the example of several families from Colombia in which this disease was genetically transmitted, experiments were conducted to try to stop and prevent the onset of Alzheimers disease. Reflection This film is produced in an understandable language and is based on real events taking place in ordinary families and ordinary people. It is in easy access and will be clear to anyone. I was very interested in this film and it seemed very interesting and informative as same disease has affected my family too. This is why I choose this film to revise. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Can Alzheimers Be Stopped?" essay for you Create order The story begins with the fact that one of the Colombian families received a very bad version of this Alzheimers disease and each family member gets sick very early, at the age of 40-45 years. It is believed that this is a very early age and a rare event in world statistics. Therefore, the doctors undertook to specifically study this situation to help this family. Alzheimers disease damages the brain so affected people cannot think as they could before and normally perceive reality. There is one phrase that is uttered by one of the members of the family of the patient, and I quote: On some level, you know, Alzheimers is a kind of death in life, when your mom or your dad no longer recognizes their son or daughter. The person is no longer there, and yet they are. Deal with that. This phrase made me think and I heard some truth in these words that is actually very sad. There was an experimental drug administered to people who wanted to participate in a trial top take a chance and maybe escape from this challenging life situation. Narrator explains why the companies are having hopes on testing those drugs. The main points are to help millions of sick people plus get billions of dollars. Alzheimers disease is gaining momentum and world medicine is trying to come up with drugs that could prevent, treat, or at least slow down the progress. Unfortunately, a lot of experimentation was failed, but the world does not stand still and new inventions can be made. The first signs of Alzheimer may be anxiety, depression, and forgetfulness. This disease progresses rather quickly and a person can die in 7 to 10 years. It has been scientifically established that more often women are getting this disease; pathology in most cases develops in older people. Damage to the brain is accompanied by loss of memory, impaired thinking, orientation and coordination. The last stage of Alzheimers disease is characterized by personal degradation, complete loss of memory, speech, body functions are lost, and death is possible. If the first symptoms of the disease were missed and treatment started with severe symptoms of the disease, the average life expectancy is 3 to 6 years. At this stage of the disease, the patient has cognitive impairment. The patient forgets everything, it is difficult for him to perform simple actions to take the keys with him, the money when going to the store; the patient can go out in clothes out of season; he forgets words, he has the first signs of a speech disorder. At the mild stage of Alzheimers disease, the patient may get lost on his street, go to another part of the city, forget his address. Patients avoid communication, withdraw into themselves, are often annoyed, show aggression. With the development of pathology, the symptoms are the same for everyone, but the course of the disease occurs individually in some p atients, the disease progresses very quickly. Special tests were developed to determine the stage of the disease with the following classification: early, moderate (medium), severe (last). The last stage of Alzheimers disease is characterized by complete degradation of the individual, the patient can no longer take care of himself, the reflexes are disturbed, he cannot swallow food, loses speech. The last stage of the disease confers a person to bed the patient cannot raise his head, stops smiling, there is an increased muscle tone, the person experiences severe pain. This stage of the disease is fatal. At the last stage of Alzheimers disease, the patient needs help with everything he cannot use the toilet by himself, there is urinary incontinence, he may not be well oriented in the apartment. The last stage of the disease requires the use of adult diapers, round-the-clock supervision of the patient. Living with such a patient becomes a very difficult ordeal for relatives. The patient behaves inadequately, can be aggressive, hit, shout, refuse to eat, hygienic procedures. During the severe stages of Alzheimers disease, it takes a long time to care for a sick person. Often, members of a family in which there is a patient with Alzheimer suffer from depression and experience chronic stress. The main cause of Alzheimers disease is amyloid deposits in brain tissue that cause disruption of neural connections and cell death, which leads to degeneration of the brain substance. Amyloid deposits are formed in two variants. Amyloid plaques that form first in the tissues of the hippocampus, and then spread to the entire brain, prevent the organ from performing its functions. Amyloid increases the concentration of calcium in brain cells, which causes their death. The second type of deposits is neurofibrillary tangles. The tangles found in the study of the brain of a deceased patient consist of insoluble tau protein, which also disrupts normal brain function. The causes of deposits leading to the development of Alzheimers disease have not been precisely established. Almost at the very beginning I wrote that one of my relatives had this disease. This is my aunt, my mothers sister. Unfortunately, she is no longer with us and I understand that this may concern any of our family. I identified several signs that should be taken into account if they appeared, because if you identify this disease at an early stage, there will be more chances to overcome it. Here is the list: Loss of memory (This includes requests to repeat the same information several times, the growing dependence on written reminders and the difficulty in recalling recent events.) Neglecting the usual activities (Apathy, loss of interest, avoiding the usual circle of people and favorite activities.) Disorientation in time and space (Failure to determine the time of year, your location or why you ended up in this place.) Visual and spatial difficulties (It becomes difficult to climb or descend the stairs, climb into the bath, find your way home, read books.) Changes in personality and mood (Changes in behavior and mood.) Reduced writing and verbal communication skills. Difficulty solving problems or planning. Constant shifting of objects. Loss of judgment. Difficulties with the implementation of the usual tasks. After all, this film gave me a lot of useful and necessary information. I really want this disease not to affect me and my family. I worked for some time in a Memory care Unit and saw it all with my own eyes. I saw different stages of this disease. And I tried to give warmth and care to these patients while no one was around. We will all hope very much that research and science will give us a new and effective medicine and society to get rid of Alzheimer

Where to Find Outline Essay

Where to Find Outline Essay There are a number of essay sites which have huge databases containing variety of topics for all types of speech writing. An excellent web research enables you to are mindful of the quick notion of bad. There is a vast selection of evaluation essay examples that are especially created for specific purposes. Any examples or support you provide ought to be about the topic available. Opt for a perfect Topic Choosing the proper topic matter is needed. Examples might incorporate any frequent issue that has to be discussed to create public awareness. You may use here an intriguing fact, some type of humorous notion, rhetorical question or whatever. Think of all of the things you could write about the subject of your pick. The shorter your sentence, the simpler it is for readers to digest what you wish to say. Towards the close of the article it will become clear he wants readers to think that it's not a great thing. Finding the Best Outline Essay The body of the essay should be well-researched. When you finish your research notes you can begin writing with confidence that you have all of the pieces you ought to create a wonderful essay. Given an essay is a lengthy bit of writing condensing into a 5 page structure is a powerful way to help it become comprehensive. Given that it is a lengthy piece of writing, condensing into a 5-page structure is an effecti ve way to make it comprehensive. If it comes to writing essays in college, all of us need somewhere to begin. You are able to read about how to turn into a talented and productive essay writer here. If you're a student, you are certainly going to face the job of writing a 5-paragraph essay. Don't forget that it's helpful to make an outline or graphic organizer to organize your ideas before you get started writing, particularly for a lengthier essay. Persuasive speech essay attempts to persuade a reader to have a particular action. To compose the essay, it helps you have an outline to lead you on what things to do. An outline helps to ensure that you've got the crucial components to compose a great essay. In addition, there are outline generators on the internet that you may use to make your outline for a five paragraph essay. An informative essay is just about the toughest sort of assignment that should be carried out with absolute care and concern. You would like to draw the reader in your topic by developing a all-natural curiosity about it. The maximum point in the evolution of the plot is known as the climax. By nature it's a static portion of the story and contains no action. There are various sorts of outline graphic organizers but all of them are aimed at helping students organize ideas and have fun when writing essays. Be certain there is flow of ideas. At times it just helps to observe how others have tackled essays before. Several kinds of essays are made in the previous decades. Outline Essay - the Story Argumentative essays are also called position papers due to their justification of the side of the issue they are written in support of. A thesis may also be utilized to point out the topic of each body paragraph. It is essential that you don't exaggerate your thesis statement. The thesis statement is usually only a single sentence and is composed of the subject, focus, and three principal points of the essay. Bear in mind you need to devote separate paragraph to every one of your statements. Surprisingly it can grow to be the most challenging section, as you want to earn a quick overview of your paper and make predictions, which can be a true challenge for a lot of the students. Observing the introduction, a title ought to be given to every section. In the end, the previous sentence of the very first paragraph of this kind of essay would state the thesis the author is attempting to prove.

Woodrow Wilson vs. Long - 948 Words

The big question for Wilson was how Americans could incorporate Public Administration into the Constitution which did not mention it. Also in developing Public Administration, Wilson’s basic difficulty was how to reconcile the differences in notions of democracy (popular rule) and the systematic rules. To do this he says there are two spheres: â€Å"Politics† and â€Å"Administration† Politics = choices of government are made by the elected and Administration = carries out the choices by the (popular consent) free of political meddlinggt; â€Å"politics-administration dichotomy† Before entering into the science of administration Wilson felt it was needed that first there should be some account of the history of what others have done in the field,†¦show more content†¦-this structure is important to determine the scope of possible action. - a source of power and authority is a competitor of a formal hierarchy - power flow in from the up the organization to the center - the American system of politics does not generate enough power at any focal point of leadership to provide the conditions for an even successful divorce of politics from administration -the theory of administration has neglected the problem of the sources and adequacy of power - the bureaucracy under the American system has a large share of responsibility for the public promotion of policy and more in organizing political basis for its survival and growth -a major time consuming aspect of administration consists of a wide range of activities designedShow MoreRelatedThe United States Vs. The Treaty Of Versailles960 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The United States vs. the Treaty of Versailles† The Treaty of Versailles was a peace settlement between Germany and the Allied Powers signed on June 28, 1919. The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War 1. However, since the conditions in the treaty were so punitive towards Germany many believe that it was also partly responsible for starting World War 2. Before the treaty was signed President Woodrow Wilson and his opponent in congress, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge debated over the membershipRead MoreUnit 5 Exam : World War I1315 Words   |  6 Pagesor loans. It is best known to cause World War I. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, European nations formed, abolished, or restructured their own alliances. By 1914, the Great Powers of Europe split into two opposing alliance blocs. For quite a long time Europe had been a mixture of ethnic and regional competitions, political interests, contending desires, military dangers, suspicions and disorder. France and England were antiquated foes whose competition ejected into open f ighting a few timesRead MoreThe United States Of The War1294 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States of America under president Woodrow Wilson was aiming to remain neutral in the war. Instead of directly being involved in the war, they instead found a way to make a profit off the war, by supplying ammunition to the British Army. Wilson was opposed to the war due to being raised up by an anti-violence minister and didn’t want American progress to halt by joining the war. America’s economic power was greatly increasing during the war due to the ability to trade with all sides andRead MoreThe Progressive Era1825 Words   |  8 Pageswith high velocity in the sea of reformation. People such as Jane Addams, Teddy Roosevelt, and W.E.B DuBois led the progressive movement with their outspoken ideas and impact on the era. Events and works such as The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, Muller vs Oregon, and the Clayton Antitrust Act stand out as important and pivotal to the era. Between 1900 and 1920, many successful attempts at progressive legislature were led to enact overall moral and social reform throughout the United States, as evidentRead MoreThe Between 1877 And 1920 Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagesthe strategy of â€Å"vertical integration† which came about with Andrew Carnegie in 1873. 2. How did American Imperialism near the turn of the 20th century represent a new Manifest Destiny? How did Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson bring the progressive movement to their respective foreign policy initiatives? American Imperialism represented a new Manifest Destiny in several ways. For one thing, it wasn’t limited to the American continent. 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During an early period the Judicial was the weakest branch of the three until John Marshall established the principle of judicial review in Marbury vs. Madison by declaring an act of Congress unconstitutional, he strengthened the Judicial Branch. This court case established the concept of judicial review or the ability of the Judicial Branch to declare a law unconstitutional. This case brought theRead MoreProgressive Era Reformers Essay1001 Words   |  5 Pagesprotests. Many reformers protested children being introduced to the factory life at the age allowed by the state because it was thought to have a negative effect on both the child’s mental as well as physical health (Document C). The ruling in Hammer vs. Dagenhart (concerning Congress’ control over the flow of goods that was manufactured with child labor) was a limit of the success of the reformers. 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In a 72 year existence of the Declaration of Independence and woman having no right over their children, their own bodies and absolutely no political foothold; woman ceased to exist legally for far too long. Half of the citizens in America were keeping the other half from the ballots and those who cited women of having no rights were accused of blasphemy. The year of 1848, declared a necessary and paramount social issue, woman’s suffrage, in high hopes

Poverty and Rural Areas Free Essays

string(97) " program of the present Administration of conditional cash transfers to the poorest of the poor\." I-INTRODUCTION Poverty remains the most critical social problem that needs to be addressed. Philippines’ poverty line marks individuals earning less than 16,841 Peso a year. According to the data from the National Statistical Coordination Board, more than one-quarter (26. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty and Rural Areas or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5%) of the population falls below the poverty line in 2009. ]This figure is a much lower figure as compared to the 33. 1% in 1991. The decline has been slow and uneven, much slower than neighboring countries who experienced broadly similar numbers in the 1980s, such as People’s Republic of China (PRC), Thailand, Indonesia (which poverty level lies at 8. %) or Vietnam (13. 5%). This shows that the incidence of poverty has remained significantly high as compared to other countries for almost a decade now. The unevenness of the decline has been attributed to a large range of income brackets across regions and sectors, and also unmanaged population growth. The Philippines poverty rate is roughly the same level as Haiti. The government planned to eradicate poverty as stated in the Philippines Development Plan (PDP). The PDP for the next six years are an annual economic growth of 7-8% and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Under the MDGs, Philippines committed itself to halving extreme poverty from a 33. 1% in 1991 to 16. 6% by 2015. Understanding Philippine poverty II-CURRENT ISSUES Understanding Philippine poverty By BERNARDO VILLEGAS MANILA, Philippines – There have literally been dozens of studies on Philippine poverty over the last decade or so, by economists in Philippine universities, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank and other international agencies. The latest one is entitled â€Å"Examining recent trends in poverty, inequality, and vulnerability† written by Dr. Jose Ramon Albert and Mr. Andre Philippe Ramos of the Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) which has produced over the years some very useful policy-oriented studies that can guide decision making in both the government and the private sector. The conclusion of the study is not a very happy one. As based on statistics released by the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) for 2000, 2003, and 2006, poverty in the Philippines is seen not to have substantially changed since the start of the millennium. Although there was a reduction of the proportion of the population who were considered poor from 33. 6 percent in 2000 to 30 percent in 2003, the poverty rate in 2006 increased to practically where it was at the beginning of the millennium at 32. 9 percent. Poverty has remained mostly unchanged and has also continued to be a predominantly rural phenomenon, with three out of every four persons found in the rural areas. The outlook looks even bleaker if the Philippine economy continues to grow at the same pace as it did in the last decade or so. It will take more than 17 years for half of the poor to exit poverty even if the per capita incomes of all persons in the country were to increase uniformly by 2 percent annually (adjusted for inflation). It will take an average time of 40 years for the poor to exit poverty if annual growth per capita is at 1 percent. It is quite evident from these projections that the Philippine economy must grow at 7 percent or more annually for the next ten or more years for there to be a significant reduction in poverty. A 7 percent growth in GDP would mean about 5 percent annual growth in per capita income since population growth is a little under 2 percent per annum. The experiences of the East Asian countries over the last twenty years (especially China) is that a growth of at least 7 percent in GDP annually for 20 years or more can make a significant dent on mass poverty. The Philippines has not attained this sustained growth of 7 percent or more over the last two decades mainly because of flawed economic policies based on import-substitution industrialization and an utter neglect of countryside and agricultural development. We can be optimistic that the 7 percent or more growth is attainable in the next decade or so because lessons have been learned from the past errors. Today, there is greater emphasis on export-oriented industrialization and more importantly, there is keener focus on rural and agricultural development. A greater portion of the capital budget of the Government is being spent on farm-to-market roads, irrigation systems, and post-harvest facilities. No longer is agriculture considered as the Cinderella of development. The study of Dr. Albert and Mr. Ramos also showed that in the rural areas, those at the lower and middle portions of the income distribution benefited less from growth during the period studied than those at the upper end of the distribution. They found out that while inequality went down as a whole for the country and urban areas for the period 2000 to 2006, the rural areas suffered from increased inequality largely brought about by differences in the top of the income distribution ladder. In view of these changes in income distribution, headcount poverty in the country decreased only by 0. 7 percent. Had there been no worsening of the inequality seen in the rural areas where the upper-income groups were the ones who benefited more from growth, headcount poverty would have fallen from 33. 6 percent to 22. 6 percent. The very modest gains in the fight against poverty can be attributed to improper targeting mechanisms for propoor projects and the absence of monitoring and evaluation systems for program implementation. The authors recommended that propoor public interventions that do not seem to have an impact should be reoriented, especially those with implementation and targeting issues. Policies and programs oriented toward the prevention of the transmission of poverty from one generation to the next, â€Å"especially by way of human resource investments and population management† must be essential components of any sustainable reduction strategy of poverty and vulnerability. The authors have something positive to say about the controversial program of the present Administration of conditional cash transfers to the poorest of the poor. You read "Poverty and Rural Areas" in category "Essay examples" They opine that a conditional cash transfer program, if well executed and monitored, shows promise. Improving nonfarm income in rural areas must also be a policy thrust. My view is that these nonfarm incomes can come from tourism, transport and telecom, processed food products, housing and construction, garments and clothing accessories and other small and medium-scale enterprises that can be located in the rural areas once road and telecom networks are improved. The Philippine nautical highway is a real asset for the mobilization of non-farm rural employment. The Report concludes that sustained economic growth can dramatically reduce poverty (which would mean at least 7% annual GDP growth for the next twenty years) but this entails a serious management of resources, â€Å"including population management. If by population management, the authors mean a drastic redistribution of the 93 million people in the Philippines away from monstrous urban areas like Metro Manila to the sparsely populated regions such as Isabela, Cagayan, Aurora, Quezon, Bicol, Leyte, Samar and numerous other rural areas, then they are right. With improved rural infrastructures such as farm-to-market roads, domestic seaports and airports, telecom facilities and educational institutions, this more efficient distribution of population will go a long way to reducing poverty in the rural areas. But if they mean reducing family sizes, the authors are contradicting themselves. They repeat over and over again that poverty is predominantly a rural phenomenon and is concentrated in the households of small farmers who are poor because they have been deprived by the State of the support infrastructures they need to earn decent incomes. They have to draw water from the rivers, plow their fields with the most primitive methods, bring their goods to the market using roads in the most horrible state of disrepair, etc. How can you tell these rural families to have only two children? The only resources they have precisely are their children, who many times are asked to leave school at an early age because they are needed for farm work. Until the rural infrastructures are significantly improved, these rural families would need and want to have many children. III-DEDUCTIVE REASONING REFLECTING: IF POVERTY WILL HAPPEN TO OUR FAMILY WE WILL FACE IT TOGETHER I WILL HELP MY PARENTS TO EARN MONEY SO THAT WE CAN EAT 3X A DAY . INTERPRETING: Condition  where people’s basic  needs  for  food, clothing, and shelter are not being met. Poverty is generally of two  types: (1) Absolute poverty is synonymous with destitution and occurs when people cannot  obtain  adequate  resources  (measured in  terms  of  calories  or nutrition) to  support  a minimum level of physical  health. Absolute poverty  means  about the same everywhere, and can be eradicated as demonstrated by some  countries. (2) Relative poverty occurs when people do not enjoy a certain minimum level of living standards as determined by a  government  (and enjoyed by the  bulk  of the  population) that vary from country to country, sometimes within the same country. Relative poverty occurs everywhere, is said to be increasing, and may never be eradicated. APPLYING: More people need to realize that jail really is not worth the trouble, when a legal system for earning is available, as long as, one is willing to learn about it. Those who work jobs that they hate, do so, because they have no other choice or cannot see what other choices they do have. Millions of people go to work every day, angry with their boss or superior, and dread walking in the door. Their job does nothing to stimulate their learning or allow them to gain anything new. It is a damn shame that many jobs have become departmentalized dead-end, non-money making positions. You routinely go in and do the same thing over again, there is no growth out of your position. It is not meant to have a direct impact on profits, but does have an indirect effect on profits. The poverty problem, like I said earlier, is just a lack of knowledge. There are plenty of people who simply do not have the knowledge they need or require, to progress forward. There are some people who have addiction problems, and ended up homeless, because they were most likely not brought up properly. This is attributed to many different factors, but most of all family. EVALUATING: Rapid Population Growth Given that the population of the Philippines is increasing at a rapid rate of 2. 36% per year, it can be translated as an increase of more than 5,000 people daily in a country, which already has an increase of more than four million poor people since 1985. In 1985, the absolute number of people living in poverty was 26. 5 million. This increased to 30. 4 million in 2000 and from 2006 to 2009, increased by almost 970,000 Filipinos from 22. 2 million to 23. 1 million. As the Philippines has financially limited resources and a high poverty rate, the rapid increase in population has become a problem because there is already insufficient resources to support the population, which leaves much fewer resources to improve the economy. From 2003 to 2006, even though the Philippines experienced above-average economic growth, the poverty incidence actually increased as a result of its population growth rate. Unemployment Poverty reduction has not kept up with GDP growth rates, largely due to the high unemployment rate, high inflation rate and wide income inequality. From 2000 to 2009, the economy of Philippines grew by 3. 2% on average annually, which was on par with the economic performance of its neighbors. However, this recent growth did not translate into more jobs. Unemployment in the Philippines has been high in comparison to its neighbors, at around 7. 5% to 8. 0% since 2006. Sources: Philippine Development Plan: Asian Development Bank (ADB), 2010; National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) *Average for the period 2001-2010 As the world’s second largest archipelago, the Philippines have faced difficulty in job creation due to its inability to attract more foreign, direct investments. Diwa Guinigundo, whom is the Central Bank Deputy Governor, mentioned that while capital flows are turning to the emerging markets, foreign, direct investments to the Philippines remain relatively low due to the weak investment climate. The Philippines have hefty business procedures, poor tax and customs administration, weak protection against expropriation and high-energy cost. This poor investment climate has limited the Philippines ability to grow and create jobs. Therefore, the poverty rate remains constant over the years. SOLVING PROBLEM: 1. Employment generation Carefully and extensively planned employment programs funded by the government can spur growth in jobs. Industries requiring substantial labour forces can also be given significantly larger aid from the government. Focus should be placed on developing companies that offer sustainable and long-term jobs to the community. Companies should also budget sufficiently for employee training and related community programs, so that employees and prospective employees can keep their skills relevant and up-to-date. 2. Drawing on various social institutions to fund poverty fighting programs e. g. charities, research institutions, U. N. , non-profit organizations, universities. Money funnelled from every organization available adds up to powerful sums that can produce tangible change. When organizations develop an interest, albeit vested, they tend to be more strongly motivated. Organizations that have a concrete goal to achieve with strict project plans are able to efficiently concentrate their efforts into producing change. For this reason charities with numerous middlemen organizations should be discouraged to ensure money reaches those in need. Importance should be given to organizations that follow the teach a man to fish ideology rather than the give the man a fish one, unless in extremely dire emergency circumstances. 3. Transparency in government spending Where and how a government chooses to spend taxpayers’ money and its own revenue should be visible to the media and the common man. This makes governments accountable for their actions and inaction becomes easier to pinpoint and address. It also discourages corruption in government systems. For example, transparency will be especially beneficial to civilians whose government might be allotting money to its nuclear weapons program instead of to its poverty programs. CONCLUSION The main problem in our country nowadays is poverty. Many experts made a research on how to solve it. Most in the community of the Philippines are graving. But sad to say that until now it is still in the stage of calamity. Poverty happens everywhere. They think citiesmay offer them a better-off living. They think they’ll be much better off living in the cities than in their own villages, which only offer them natural resources. Being rich and having a great sum of money instantly are often the cause of massive exodus. What happens later is beyond their expectations; they become jobless, homeless, and the worse impact is that they are unable to return to their villages for they don’t even have money to return. Most poor people who battle hunger deal with chronic undernourishment and vitamin or mineral deficiencies, which result in stunted growth, weakness and heightened susceptibility to illness. Poor children are the most prone to this and are often the victims to malnutrition, deficiencies, diseases and ultimately deaths caused by hunger. The persons who are in the position must have enough knowledge about the solutions on the problem. They should make a step by step process to ensure the proper on the global major problem. How to cite Poverty and Rural Areas, Essay examples

Concise Australian Commercial Law - Solution Guideline

Question: Using the Common Law of Agency, advice Paratol Ltd on their legal position? Answer: Issues According to the scenario of the case, the Australian based pharmaceutical wholesaler PharmCo negotiated a distribution agreement with Paratol Ltd in the month of January 2015 in keeping with which Paratol was required to release a large stock of painkillers for distribution to PharmCo for a valuation of $2,00,000. The company was given a grace period of six months to pay off the amount. The major issue that was identified in the case was related with providing of guarantee letter from the asset manager in order to ensure that if default is made by PharmCo, liquidating its assets would amount to $2,00,000. The guarantee was signed by the Processing and Payment Department of Goldman Asset Management (GAM), which manages the complex finances of PharmCo. After it was received by Paratol Ltd, it commenced its delivery of stock to PharmaCo. However, PharmCo defaulted on the payment on December 2015 due to its insolvency and the company was found to be operating under huge loss since the p ast eight months. In this context, Paratol Ltd claimed its debts against GAM that did not accept the liability of paying off the same. It stated that the Guarantee and Valuation Department is responsible for signing the guarantee rather than the Processing and Payment Department. Furthermore, the manager also claimed that the document was signed by GAM for verifying the signature of PharmCo but not to ensure its liquidity and accept its guarantee. There was no such information mentioned in the guarantee document regarding the acceptability of guarantee that through which GAM would be held liable. In practice, the signature of the manager was for verifying the signature of PharmCo for limited purpose that was unknown by both the companies. Rules Analyzing the case scenario, it is revealed that there is an applicability of common law of agency that will help in advising Patrol Ltd on their legal position. The law of agency completely deals with contractual, non-contractual and quasi-contractual fiduciary relationships involving an individual known as agent[1]. The individual is generally given the authority to take action on behalf of a party for the purpose of creating legal relationships with a third party. The law represents equal relationships between an agent and principal through which the principal implicitly or explicitly provides authorization to the agent to work on behalf of him/her[2]. The agents are required to negotiate with the third parties on the principals behalf for entering into a contractual relationship[3]. The common law of agency in Australia comes under Victorian Legislation and the Agents Act 2003[4]. The law further states that the liabilities and reciprocal rights between an agent and principal ref lect legal and commercial realities. The law categorizes agents into three different classes that include universal agents, general agents and special agents. Universal agents possess the authority to perform on behalf of the principal and they may also have professional relationships or hold power of attorney[5]. General agents possess limited authority for conducting transactions for a continuous time period and finally the special agents possess the authority for conducting specified or single transaction over a limited time period[6]. There are various statutes formulated by the Australian government that generally regulate the activities of the agents and these include: Auctioneers: Auction Sales Act 1958 (Victoria); Estate agents: Estate Agents Act 1980 (Victoria); Finance brokers: Consumer Credit (Victoria) Act 1995 (Victoria); Travel agents: Travel Agents Act 1986 (Victoria); Mercantile agents: Goods Act 1958 (Victoria); and Insurance agents: Instruments Act 1958 (Victoria), Credit Act 1984 (Victoria) The law also demonstrates the liability of agents to the third parties and principal and the liability of principal to the agent. In context to liability of agent to third party, if the agent possesses apparent or actual authority, the agent will not be liable for the acts being performed within the authoritys scope until the disclosure of principals and agencys identity[7]. In case the agency is partially disclosed or not disclosed at all, the principal and the agents both will be held liable. Similarly, with regard to the liability of agent to principal, if the actions of agent are without actual authority and the principal is bound because of possessing apparent authority, it is the liability of agent in indemnifying the principal for damage or loss occurred[8]. However, in context to the liability of principal to the agent, if the actions of the agent are within the range of provided authority, the agent must be indemnified by the principal for transactions made. The law of agency can be demonstrated with the help of a popular case, [Tooth v Laws (1888) 9 LR (NSW) 154]. According to the case, Laws (principal) held the position of hotel licensee who kept his name over the hotel door even though he did not possess any interest in the business. The agents who were conducting the business were supplied liquor by a third party, Tooth Co. that took legal actions for the cost of liquor. As Tooth Co. was not provided with the information that Laws was not conducing the business, he could not deny that the individuals who were conducting the business were acting as his agents. Thus, Laws was held liable for the particular action[9]. According to the law, the apparent authority may not be considered more important than the actual authority as at a majority of the circumstances the third party remains unaware of the agents actual authority. The similar incident can be demonstrated through the case of [Pacific Carriers Limited v BNP Paribas (2004) HCA 35] in which BNP Paribas was held responsible for the loss caused to Pacific Carriers Ltd due to arresting of their vessel for not providing relevant bills against the indemnity letters[10]. The Law of Agency also states that the agent possesses the authority to act for the principle only after having the actual authority to do so. This can be demonstrated through the case [Freeman and Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd [1964] 2 QB 480], in which Buckhurst Park Properties was held responsible for the damage caused to the opponent party[11]. The third parties are usually unaware of the agreements between the principle and the agent, thus they are also unaware of the agents actual authority that can be demonstrated through the case [Crabtree-Vickers Pty Ltd v Australian Direct mail Advertising and addressing co pty ltd][12]. Application Application of the above stated rules in relation to the particular case scenario would serve beneficial for Paratol Ltd as an effective advice on its legal position that will further help in resolving the identified issues. Applying the common law of agency in the case scenario, GAM would not be held responsible for the failure to repay the credit amount to Paratol Ltd rather PharmCo is liable to pay off its debts to the company. GAM signed the letter of guarantee at the authority of PharmCo in which the company was considered to possess enough liquid amounts to pay of the debts if any default is made. According to the Law of Agency Act, the agent is not held liable for performing any type of acts under the authority of the principal rather the principal would be held responsible for the act. The law is only applicable if the name of the principal and the agents both are disclosed to the third party. It is advisable to Paratol Ltd to claim the due amount from PharmCo even though it has become insolvent. The company may make use of the reserves or the personal savings/current accounts of the business partners of PharmCo in order to pay off the debt of Paratol Ltd. Furthermore, the manager of GAM also claimed that she did not sign the guarantee for ensuring the liquidity of the company rather the signature was for the verification of PharmCos signature. Paratol Ltd is thus advised to act legally against PharmCo to recover the debt amount that was due as a result of insolvency. A similar scenario can be found in the case of [Watteau v Fenwick [1893] 1 QB 346] in which the principal was held responsible for all the acts that were conducted by its agent as regards to the third party involved in the agreement[13]. Conclusion From the overall case scenario, it is evident that the Paratol Ltd is advised to claim the credit amount of $2,000,000 from PharmaCo itself rather than considering GAM liable for the loss being suffered due to the insolvency of PharmaCo. GAM was the agent who was given the authority to act on behalf of PharmaCo and the law considers the principal as liable of any damages or defaults made in the contract. Thus, according to the law the agent is not responsible for any type damages caused to the third party of the contract if it is given complete authority by the principal company to act on its behalf. 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