Concise Australian Commercial Law - Solution Guideline

Question: Using the Common Law of Agency, advice Paratol Ltd on their legal position? Answer: Issues According to the scenario of the case, the Australian based pharmaceutical wholesaler PharmCo negotiated a distribution agreement with Paratol Ltd in the month of January 2015 in keeping with which Paratol was required to release a large stock of painkillers for distribution to PharmCo for a valuation of $2,00,000. The company was given a grace period of six months to pay off the amount. The major issue that was identified in the case was related with providing of guarantee letter from the asset manager in order to ensure that if default is made by PharmCo, liquidating its assets would amount to $2,00,000. The guarantee was signed by the Processing and Payment Department of Goldman Asset Management (GAM), which manages the complex finances of PharmCo. After it was received by Paratol Ltd, it commenced its delivery of stock to PharmaCo. However, PharmCo defaulted on the payment on December 2015 due to its insolvency and the company was found to be operating under huge loss since the p ast eight months. In this context, Paratol Ltd claimed its debts against GAM that did not accept the liability of paying off the same. It stated that the Guarantee and Valuation Department is responsible for signing the guarantee rather than the Processing and Payment Department. Furthermore, the manager also claimed that the document was signed by GAM for verifying the signature of PharmCo but not to ensure its liquidity and accept its guarantee. There was no such information mentioned in the guarantee document regarding the acceptability of guarantee that through which GAM would be held liable. In practice, the signature of the manager was for verifying the signature of PharmCo for limited purpose that was unknown by both the companies. Rules Analyzing the case scenario, it is revealed that there is an applicability of common law of agency that will help in advising Patrol Ltd on their legal position. The law of agency completely deals with contractual, non-contractual and quasi-contractual fiduciary relationships involving an individual known as agent[1]. The individual is generally given the authority to take action on behalf of a party for the purpose of creating legal relationships with a third party. The law represents equal relationships between an agent and principal through which the principal implicitly or explicitly provides authorization to the agent to work on behalf of him/her[2]. The agents are required to negotiate with the third parties on the principals behalf for entering into a contractual relationship[3]. The common law of agency in Australia comes under Victorian Legislation and the Agents Act 2003[4]. The law further states that the liabilities and reciprocal rights between an agent and principal ref lect legal and commercial realities. The law categorizes agents into three different classes that include universal agents, general agents and special agents. Universal agents possess the authority to perform on behalf of the principal and they may also have professional relationships or hold power of attorney[5]. General agents possess limited authority for conducting transactions for a continuous time period and finally the special agents possess the authority for conducting specified or single transaction over a limited time period[6]. There are various statutes formulated by the Australian government that generally regulate the activities of the agents and these include: Auctioneers: Auction Sales Act 1958 (Victoria); Estate agents: Estate Agents Act 1980 (Victoria); Finance brokers: Consumer Credit (Victoria) Act 1995 (Victoria); Travel agents: Travel Agents Act 1986 (Victoria); Mercantile agents: Goods Act 1958 (Victoria); and Insurance agents: Instruments Act 1958 (Victoria), Credit Act 1984 (Victoria) The law also demonstrates the liability of agents to the third parties and principal and the liability of principal to the agent. In context to liability of agent to third party, if the agent possesses apparent or actual authority, the agent will not be liable for the acts being performed within the authoritys scope until the disclosure of principals and agencys identity[7]. In case the agency is partially disclosed or not disclosed at all, the principal and the agents both will be held liable. Similarly, with regard to the liability of agent to principal, if the actions of agent are without actual authority and the principal is bound because of possessing apparent authority, it is the liability of agent in indemnifying the principal for damage or loss occurred[8]. However, in context to the liability of principal to the agent, if the actions of the agent are within the range of provided authority, the agent must be indemnified by the principal for transactions made. The law of agency can be demonstrated with the help of a popular case, [Tooth v Laws (1888) 9 LR (NSW) 154]. According to the case, Laws (principal) held the position of hotel licensee who kept his name over the hotel door even though he did not possess any interest in the business. The agents who were conducting the business were supplied liquor by a third party, Tooth Co. that took legal actions for the cost of liquor. As Tooth Co. was not provided with the information that Laws was not conducing the business, he could not deny that the individuals who were conducting the business were acting as his agents. Thus, Laws was held liable for the particular action[9]. According to the law, the apparent authority may not be considered more important than the actual authority as at a majority of the circumstances the third party remains unaware of the agents actual authority. The similar incident can be demonstrated through the case of [Pacific Carriers Limited v BNP Paribas (2004) HCA 35] in which BNP Paribas was held responsible for the loss caused to Pacific Carriers Ltd due to arresting of their vessel for not providing relevant bills against the indemnity letters[10]. The Law of Agency also states that the agent possesses the authority to act for the principle only after having the actual authority to do so. This can be demonstrated through the case [Freeman and Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd [1964] 2 QB 480], in which Buckhurst Park Properties was held responsible for the damage caused to the opponent party[11]. The third parties are usually unaware of the agreements between the principle and the agent, thus they are also unaware of the agents actual authority that can be demonstrated through the case [Crabtree-Vickers Pty Ltd v Australian Direct mail Advertising and addressing co pty ltd][12]. Application Application of the above stated rules in relation to the particular case scenario would serve beneficial for Paratol Ltd as an effective advice on its legal position that will further help in resolving the identified issues. Applying the common law of agency in the case scenario, GAM would not be held responsible for the failure to repay the credit amount to Paratol Ltd rather PharmCo is liable to pay off its debts to the company. GAM signed the letter of guarantee at the authority of PharmCo in which the company was considered to possess enough liquid amounts to pay of the debts if any default is made. According to the Law of Agency Act, the agent is not held liable for performing any type of acts under the authority of the principal rather the principal would be held responsible for the act. The law is only applicable if the name of the principal and the agents both are disclosed to the third party. It is advisable to Paratol Ltd to claim the due amount from PharmCo even though it has become insolvent. The company may make use of the reserves or the personal savings/current accounts of the business partners of PharmCo in order to pay off the debt of Paratol Ltd. Furthermore, the manager of GAM also claimed that she did not sign the guarantee for ensuring the liquidity of the company rather the signature was for the verification of PharmCos signature. Paratol Ltd is thus advised to act legally against PharmCo to recover the debt amount that was due as a result of insolvency. A similar scenario can be found in the case of [Watteau v Fenwick [1893] 1 QB 346] in which the principal was held responsible for all the acts that were conducted by its agent as regards to the third party involved in the agreement[13]. Conclusion From the overall case scenario, it is evident that the Paratol Ltd is advised to claim the credit amount of $2,000,000 from PharmaCo itself rather than considering GAM liable for the loss being suffered due to the insolvency of PharmaCo. GAM was the agent who was given the authority to act on behalf of PharmaCo and the law considers the principal as liable of any damages or defaults made in the contract. Thus, according to the law the agent is not responsible for any type damages caused to the third party of the contract if it is given complete authority by the principal company to act on its behalf. References Australia, Fox Williams, Last modified June 10, 2016, Anson, William Reynell, Jack Beatson, Andrew S. Burrows, and John Cartwright. Anson's Law of Contract. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2010. Anyanwu, Chika. "Challenges to privacy law in the age of social media: An Australian perspective." Australian Journal of Communication 40, no. 3 (2013): 121. Barton, Charmian. "Status of the Precautionary Principle in Australia: Its Emergence in Legislation and as a Common Law Doctrine, The." Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 22 (1998): 509. Braithwaite, John, John Walker, and Peter Grabosky. "An enforcement taxonomy of regulatory agencies." Law Policy 9, no. 3 (1987): 323-351. Cheer, Ursula. "How the law attempts to deal with hoaxes and pranks in the media that lead to harm." Findlaw (2012): 21-48. Donaldson, Lex, and James H. Davis. "Stewardship theory or agency theory: CEO governance and shareholder returns." Australian Journal of management 16, no. 1 (1991): 49-64. Eisenberg, Melvin Aron. "The responsive model of contract law." Stanford Law Review (1984): 1107-1167. Freeman Lockyer -V- Buckhurst Park Properties. First Mag. Last modified June 23, 2016, Granville, Johanna. "Dot. con: the dangers of cyber crime and a call for proactive solutions." Hawkins, Keith. Law as last resort: Prosecution decision-making in a regulatory agency. United States: Oxford University Press on Demand, 2002. King Edward, V. I. I. "Prank call with tragic consequence." LAMP (2013): 31. Mulheron, Rachael. The class action in common law legal systems: a comparative perspective. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2004. Paul, Simone, Peter K. Smith, and Herbert H. Blumberg. "Investigating legal aspects of cyberbullying." Psicothema 24, no. 4 (2012): 640-645. Pacific Carriers v. BNP Paribas. Clark, David Martin. Last modified June 23, 2016, Turner, Clive, John Trone, and Roger Gamble. Concise Australian Commercial Law 3rd edition. United States: Thomson Reuters, 2014.

The Motherhood Essay Research Paper THE MOTHERHOODI free essay sample

The Motherhood Essay, Research Paper THE MOTHERHOOD I have read the two dramas, # 8220 ; The Glass Manegerie # 8221 ; by Tennessee Williams and # 8220 ; A Raisin in the Sun # 8221 ; by Lorraine Hansberry, both of have a large impact on me. The two dramas circle around the household values that convey the character of maternity where female parents have to hold a duty to raise, to supply their best and to give for their kids. In these two dramas, even showing otherwise, female parents all show love to their kids ; they all want their kids to hold a happy life. Somehow, each female parent treats their kids different manner, but they have merely one intent: to demo love to their kids. As I experience throughout the two dramas: Amanda, Tom and Laura in # 8220 ; The Glass menagerie # 8221 ; , and Mrs. Younger, Walter Younger and Beneatha Younger in # 8220 ; A Raisin in The Sun # 8221 ; , I see there are differences and similarities between female parents and their kids. We will write a custom essay sample on The Motherhood Essay Research Paper THE MOTHERHOODI or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Introducing foremost, Amanda Winged, a in-between age Southerner is the female parent of Tom and Tom # 8217 ; s younger sister Laura in the # 8220 ; The Glass menagerie # 8221 ; . Most of us are familiar with the term of God born adult females to love their kids, since Amanda is a adult female. Unfortunately she does non handle her kids the manner female parents suppose to. I understand Amanda, she is a consecutive old-traditional, and merely desire her kids to be what she desire. Tom and Laura do non hold a pick ; they have suffered from their female parent and become victims. Amanda has thought that her kids will be all right at the manner she plans but it turns out to be non. Since she is wholly dependent on Tom for fiscal security alternatively of working to back up Tom. On top of that, she is passing excessively much clip to reminiscing about her yesteryear, and remembering herself of how many gentlemen behind her when she was immature. She is non realistic. In add-on, she ha rasses Tom about traveling to the films every dark, makes him experience guilty at all clip and takes advantage of Tom to maintain him making her occupations. Because she knows that Tom is non a strong adult male. In another word to state, Amanda is selfish and dissembler. In return, Mrs. Young is a fantastic female parent ; she has suffered and sacrificed for her kids. She ever explains and lesson to her kids alternatively of doing them experience guilty. The Young household starts running into jobs when Mrs. Young ( Mama ) receives about 10s thousand dollars from life insurance of her hubby. With a hapless household likes Young, 10 thousand dollars is truly a dream, it is a immense sum of money that they could neer acquire for all of their life. The kids start contending over the money ; every one has his/her ain ground to utilize that money. Mama must calculate out how to maintain the household in peace and together. Mama deeply believes in God and lives her life in # 8220 ; cultural and cultural pride # 8221 ; . She normally negotiations about how her coevals has won its freedom and proud to be able no longer be slaves. At the terminal of the drama, even she failed to convert Walter non to set the money in the spirits shop but she made her commit men T, she has what she has fought for all of her life, her household now all together in love, felicity and forgiveness. Tom, a boy of Amanda, a poet, with no anchor gets a occupation in a warehouse and does non hold any program for his calling. He is trapped by his female parent and has suffered from that. However, Tom is funny about how he takes attention of the household, particularly his younger sister. Recently, Tom gives up non because of his ability but because of his lovely female parent # 8217 ; s demands. He tries to acquire away with it by passing clip to travel to the films every dark. I feel so regretful for Tom ; he is no strong plenty to confront with his female parent to decide his household # 8217 ; s jobs. On the other manus, Walter Young, a boy of Mama, has a large aspiration going affluent after seeing the 10 thousand dollars look into comes into Mama # 8217 ; s manus. Walter is really a operator and has no regard from his household. His dream is to have a spirits shop and to gain a batch of money so his boy will be able to travel to college. More than that, Walter know this is the lone opportunity he can reconstruct his regard and his self-esteem, but a game of going wealthy without ability is the folly comes with it. Unfortunately Walter is cheated by his friends and he lost all the money comes from Mama merely because he is excessively trustful and out of touch. However, Walter # 8217 ; s neglect redeems a valuable lesson for him. He accomplishes what Mama has told him earlier but he neer listens. A secondary chief character in # 8220 ; The Glass Menagerie # 8221 ; who every reader has to be regretful for her is Laura, girl of Amanda Winged. She is sort of an interior individual who is ever put in fresh and reasonably for gentlemen companies. Even she tries several clip to take part in the universe out side but she failed because of her breakability. On top of that, a handicapped individual is frequently in lower status composite ; therefore she merely is passing her clip in the universe of glass menagerie at place and maintaining out of her head of what Amanda terrors about her hereafter. Unlike Laura, Beneatha Younger, girl of Mama in # 8220 ; A Raisin in the Sun # 8221 ; , is a strong miss and really # 8220 ; intellectually proud # 8221 ; with everyone she comes into contact with and dreams of a medical-school. For case, when she talks to her female parent about Joseph Asagai she speaks down to her ma who treats her like a small kid. She feels school and larning her h eritage to Africa is the most of import thing in her life. The following manner Beneatha # 8217 ; s pride gets in the manner of esteeming her female parent # 8217 ; s intelligence is when she asks her ma non to # 8220 ; inquire any nescient inquiries about Africa # 8230 ; # 8221 ; This abuses Mama while doing Beneatha look knowing and grandiloquent. After all, even merely for one intent, the love, mother have to make every thing for their kids. Mothers need to happen the pride to do the households stay together, that is a strongest bond. From the two dramas I learn that, household values are the most of import for one # 8217 ; s life, because it is how a adult male goon is built from. Mothers are the 1s who give us the roots and plume to be work forces.

Sample of Essay Writing Using MLA Format

Sample of Essay Writing Using MLA FormatThere are different ways to write a sample of essay writing using MLA format. You can use the regular MLA format, the MLA format borrowed from old English, or the MLA format created by the MLA office.It is advisable that you are familiar with the conventions when you decide to use the sample of essay writing. This means that you should know what each format means and what it does, or what it doesn't mean.MLA writing is also called the classic form of academic writing. It is often used in graduate level courses and can be difficult to read. Some students are intimidated by the format, which makes it more appropriate for teachers to hand out. Though sometimes less effective than contemporary essays, MLA style forms the basis of nearly all professional research papers.The MLA format borrows many elements from the English version of the Latin language. For example, the use of the letter 'u' when referring to singular nouns and proper nouns, the use of quotes in place of subject pronouns, and the use of single quotation marks as well as double quotation marks when quoting another writer.As an alternative to the typical MLA format, MLA borrowed the modified form of the Latin language from the Minneola College when the formal style of writing evolved in the late eighteenth century. When the modified form of the Latin language was adopted, the formal writing style adopted the letter 'l' in place of the letter 'u.'So a sample of essay writing using MLA format can be considered as a hybrid of the formal and informal writing styles. The shortened name of the MLA format is derived from the prefix -mla- which means 'a shortened form of English.'The style is most frequently used in literary magazine, scientific journals, and theses and dissertations. It is also a popular choice for college and university faculty. A sample of essay writing using the modified form of the Latin language is most often used in non-fiction writing courses su ch as sociology, history, English, and creative writing.Other writing styles, such as the Associated Press Stylebook and the Chicago Manual of Style, define the various formatting. Most college and university students prefer the MLA format. However, writing samples in other forms such as the AP style or the Chicago Manual of Style are appropriate for business professionals, authors, and for professional scholars.

buy custom Mark Wallace essay

buy custom Mark Wallace essay Mark Wallace approach ethnography as a qualitative technique that is concerned with the understanding and learning of cultural phenomena, which are shown in knowledge and system that guide the life of a cultural group. Ethnography is centered in the studies of ethnic groups, ethnic genesis, people, composition, settlement, social welfare, and composition. Therefore, it remains crucial in analyzing human societies and cultures. In fact, scholars have argued that ethnography is aimed at describing the nature and characteristics of the people under study. The novel, the Quarry and the Lot, is centered on three friends; Luke, Nick and Amelia. They returned to their homeland to attend a funeral of their childhood friend, Joseph Klein. On the contrary, the deceased took a different life dimension that made him reckless and ruthless, though he was brought up as a decent and humble boy. Joseph took a different culture in life that was different from that of his friends. Evidently, the people who attended his funeral were not sorry about his death (Wallace 94). There were mixed reactions and emotions during the funeral since the deceaseds ways of life could not be compared to his age mates and friends. Joseph grew up in Texas, and it was very difficult to understand what made him choose the most controversial way of life. He was perceived by many people as ruthless, destructive and bully, a subculture he admired. This kind of a subculture was not in conformity with the normal societal values, which advocates for the proper upbringing of chi ldren. The children are expected to grow up respectfully. However, these unaccepted behavior that Joseph adored brought him a lot of happiness. Unfortunately, the bad behavior led to his tragic death at the tender age of thirty two. Perhaps, it is the bad character that does not conform to the societal norms and values that makes him as a character in the novel fades quickly as the novel continues (Wallace 19). In the novel, there are some subcultures that were clearly not accepted in the society. For example, prostitution and homosexuality that eroded the moral principles of the society. Notably, these bad sub-cultural practices emerged and continued to flourish in the society. An important question to ask is the availability of the custodians and moral guidance when immoral acts of prostitution and homosexuality emerged and slowly became acceptable in the society. The fact that the disciplines of religion and sociology were taken for granted for many years, until the nineteenth century shows a lot of contrast between the two groups of people; those who lived before and after the nineteenth century. Studies show that those people who lived before the nineteenth century were perceived as rigid about morality. They advocated for harsh sanctions, heavy punishments and penalty to discourage immoral acts on the society. The heavy punishments and sanctions would help the society maintain its identity that was morally and ethically sound. During this period, it was not easy to get someone who could come out to confess about having been in same gender relationships, and having committed acts of prostitution. However, in some modern societies, acts such as gay marriages and abortion are allowed to take place. Due to the issues of cultural relativism, it is hard to tell precisely the moral acts since the concept moral is relative; depending on place, tim e and the population characteristics. In the novel, the narrators grandfather learnt from the jaguar experience in Mexico that some things were beyond human understanding. He compares the jaguar incidence to mens behavior in Texas, which is after a night of gambling and drinking. These activities made men behave violently without any apparent reason. The situation was different in Mexico, where the jaguar, though hungry and in danger, it did not engage men in violence. Instead, it slipped away in the morning. This made the narrator understand that mystery was a real phenomenon. Just like the narrators grand fathers failure to understand why the jaguar landed on his roof top, the narrator could as well not understand the mystery behind the death of his friend, Joseph (Wallace 68). In the novel, the narrator tries to explain why the men failed to kill the jaguar since it is not culturally accepted to kill animals without proper reasons. However, the situation is different in Texas, where boys like torturing animals owing to their poor and cruel upbringing. This sub-theme clearly shows the disparity and cultural differences of the people of Texas and Mexico. In chapter one of the novel, the author makes a comparison between two cultures. In Texas, the narrator receives a phone call from his son, informing him about the death of Joseph, Klein. At the beginning, it is not clear to the narrator and his wife about who has actually made the call. To them, this incidence is quite different from the Jaguars. In the Jaguars incidence, the grandfather never wanted someone to make a call because he did not wantanybody to know about that scary incidence. In a way, this showed how the grand father was cultured in an environment where the information secrecy was highly valued (Wallace 86). In addition, the arrival of the narrators grandfather in Mexico brings another sharp contrast between the two cultures that is American and Mexican. In America, the narrators grandfather was considered as a small town doctor, in the United States, but the situation was different in Mexico. In Mexico, he was highly respected, amongst the poor and the rich. This shows the culture and identity of the Mexican who are portrayed in the novel as loving and welcoming. Here, the rich do not despise the poor, as evidenced with the grandfathers welcome. Evidently, the narrator portrays the sub-culture that is propagated by the jaguar as outlawed groups, which engaged in careless consumption of alcohol and other drinks. Besides, the group engages in listening terror-themed rap music that promotes acts of hooligans and crime in the society. In fact, such music is not descent t listened to since they are sources of immoral acts and bad behavior among the youth in the society. This kind of outlawed cultures forms the foundation of hostility in the society. For instance, Josephs brother appreciated their humble background and lifestyle. However, Joseph succumbed to an alien sub-culture when he refused to accommodate the laughter and mockery of his fellow students when they were at school. He saw this as an embarrassment since he never wanted to accept that he was from a poor family. From this analysis, it can be deduced that poverty was never welcomed in this sub-culture, and the poor were often looked down upon. This is contrary to what we saw in Mexico, where both the rich and the poor were friendly, loving and lived alongside each other in peace (Wallace 69). Moreover, it is clear, from the analysis of the novel that economic status dictates the culture of the people. For instance, in American sub-culture, the rich did not easily welcome Josephs grandfather, who was seen as small village doctor. But, in Mexico, the situation was different, since the majority is the middle and low income earners; people can easily cope up with one another and live in a peaceful co-existence. Besides, the economic inequality is evidenced in the media houses, which associate crime with music that is produced by psychopathic records, famous among the poor and the middle class. For instance, Joseph and other juggalas who are from the low income families found themselves on the wrong side of the law when they were unfairly persecuted because of their cultural way of dress code, music listened to and their eating habits, which were regarded by the rich as unethical and lack decency. It is interesting to note the way the sub-cultures in the novel are portrayed and how different generations perceive various cultures. For example, fifty years ago, homosexuality was considered as a criminal offense. The homosexuals and lesbians could not come out and openly declare their intentions and marital status. But, currently the culture is accepted in some societies, and there are some cases of gay marriages, even in churches. Arguably, this kind of culture is common in the urban settings (Wallace 19). It is debatable to ask oneself, why the same societies that promote moral degradation and decadence are the ones who pioneer scientific and technological development. A society that is not morally responsible for its action can make its people perish. For example, the use of technological and scientific knowledge to manufacture nuclear weapons and drugs can lead to mass destruction and loss of lives, if the society is not responsible and accountable for its actions. Currently, the lesbians and gays make use of the social network sites to carry out their activities. Before, these activities were considered as cultural taboos and no one could easily declare such status in public. Immoral acts such as pornography were unheard of, and could not be allowed to take place in the traditional society where culture was highly valued. Various questions have been raised on the fate of homosexuality why it started and its effects on peoples lives living during that time, and why there is no much literature on the same. Possibly, the societal culture did not permit such texts to be openly discussed. Could be the male dominance and chauvinism never allowed some issues to be publicly discussed; especially the women were not permitted by their male counterparts to discuss issues about men. In fact, in the past, writings on gay and lesbianism were considered immoral and unlawful since such texts could easily land someone in jail (Wallace 59). The war against homosexual sub-culture started around the eighteenth century. By then, the population that practiced the homosexual sub-culture was smaller than the current one. In fact, there were no polices, which were put in place to promote the practice of the homosexuality. But, still the practice went against all odds and it became paramount in the society, despite the strong oopposition from the government and the society. From the novel, a special police force known as the Mouches was established to eliminate the homosexual culture. This special police force who pretended to be lesbians failed to expel the homosexual sub-culture that had grown into a strong force. According to the analysis from the novel, it is that a subculture though accepted and followed by only a few people can grow into a strong force that is not easy to get rid of in the society. This is evident with the case of the homosexuals, who were just a handful people, but still remained a big threat to the soci ety. This group that formed the subculture was hard to eliminate in the society, even the state machinery, which is the special police force could not contain this group of people. The legislative policies and state ideologies also failed to contain the homosexual subculture. Therefore, one would ask whether there is a possibility of containing that subculture in the society. But, before that it is important to analyze some of the social effects of such subcultures in the society. What would happen if the society members accept and embrace the subculture of homosexual and lesbianism? To some extent, the narrator of the story was trying to say that the society has failed to contain the subcultures, which were considered immoral such as homosexuality and lesbianism. Though, there is still some glimmer of hope since the society and the government is making all the possible attempts to discourage such subculture. Amerilia, a female character in the novel, fell a victim to sexual abuse and harassment from her father and brothers (Wallace 76). This clearly shows that that par1ticular society does not respect womens dignity and personal privacy that infringe their rights. Besides, it is clear from the novel that the society does not respect the institution of marriage. On the other hand, the fathers have failed in their parenting role (Wallace 32). The women do not have a voice to be heard in this society since Amerilas mother does not come out strongly in the novel to condemn the acts of sexual abuse and harassment to her daughter. The society failed to define appropriate punishments for such offenses. In away, it can be deduced that the society is compromising a lot on some behavior, which are eventually accepted as a societal norm. Another worrying subculture that is evident from the readings is abortion, which comes as a result of prostitution. The prostitution is prevalent in the urban areas, where people from different cultures meet and often make casual intimate relationships. Little or no marriages are taking place in these relationships, which result in unwanted pregnancies. From the novel, this is portrayed as lack of respect for life and the unborn. In the past, acts of abortion were highly condemned in the society, and one found committing such acts were either excommunicated or killed to serve as a warning to the others. But, currently the situation is different since laws have been put in place to legalize abortion. Despite the advantages of the abortion, it is evidenced that the societal morals are eroding very fast. Festivals remain one of the pillars of the subculture. Several occasions were set to perform ceremonies, which marked some specific events in the society such as harvesting ceremonies, naming ceremonies, religious ceremonies and others. For example, marriage ceremonies ushered the couples into a permanent union and start of a new life. During such occasions, people gathered as a sign of unity in the society. However, things are different these days. The ceremonies have been commercialized and lost meaning. In fact, the society has become disunited. Often, politicians attend ceremonies and gatherings just to pursue their own personal interests and ambitions to gain power. Notably, these are some of the sub-cultural aspects, which are highlighted in the novel (Wallace 78). Conclusion In sum, from the novels settings, Wallace portrays a community a society that greatly relied on locally produced foods and drinks. For example, the fermented drinks were highly valued at that time. However, after the industrial revolution, peoples tastes and consumption patterns shifted from the locally produced products to the industrial ones. And this was seen in the lifestyle shift of Juggalo and his friends who often consumed cheap soft drinks as discussed earlier. This clearly shows how the society cultures of the past are rapidly changing. Indeed, Wallace is overwhelmed by the American sub-urban cultural setting that supports conventional individualism and selfishness. The main emphasis from the novel is that culture should be a unifying factor in the society. Culture should unite both the rich and the poor in the society so that there is a sense of harmony and belonging. Without unity, it is very hard to promote culture in the society. Consequently, the absence of a very strong culture in the society breeds the elements of sub-cultures, which lack proper moral principles and doctrines that finally led to the societys moral degradation. Buy custom Mark Wallace essay

Verbally and Orally

Verbally and Orally Verbally and Orally Verbally and Orally By Maeve Maddox Laurel asks: Can you please clarify when to use verbally and when to use orally? Verbally comes from Latin verbum, word. Its adjective form verbal is often used in the sense of spoken, and contrasted with written. Here are some examples from a discussion about giving notice to a landlord: If you give notice verbally and not in writing, is it legally binding? A verbal agreement should be binding. BUT there is nothing like a written agreement Its always better to do everything in writing†¦ Nothing works verbally in law. Verbally is used in other contexts to mean with words or words without action: The woman abused her children verbally. He has no patience with people who verbally profess charity, but do nothing to relieve the misery of others. Orally comes from Late Latin oralis, which comes from Latin os, mouth. It means by mouth. Like verbally, orally is sometimes use in the sense of spoken: Teachers shall require book reports to be presented orally. More often, orally means by mouth How to get a 3 year old to take medicine orally How to Give Cat Medicine Orally Since taking medicine orally involves swallowing it, the following example from the web is overkill: [What] if someone orally swallowed some Lidocaine? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before WordsThat vs. Which8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

Why might democracies be more peaceful in their relations with each Essay - 1

Why might democracies be more peaceful in their relations with each other than with state that are not democracies - Essay Example A State is formed when a group of people organize themselves and decide to live together peacefully in society on the bases of common goals, identity, ancestry, language, culture, religion, ethnicity, history, customs, and territory. Society may also be defined as a broad grouping of people living in a common area and having common traditions, institutions, activities, and interests (Laswell and Kaplan 1960). The family is the basic unit of society, and a family is formed when two or more human beings decide to live together to pursue common goals. From these commonly accepted definitions can be distinguished one characteristic that defines families, societies, and states: they share common interests. Social scientists have observed that, normally, sharing common interests help people to live together peacefully, because each one is different and unique in terms of capabilities. Through personal experience, people learn that they cannot do everything, so they have to depend on each other. In the process, they realize they cannot have everything, so they surrender some of the things they want to get others they want more or that would help them survive. In society and among States, the balance of power between two or more agents is what ultimately decides their courses of action. The same holds true for nations and States, which is why until now, wars are fought and peace has been elusive. It has been only some sixty years since a bloody world war was fought, and less than two decades since the Cold War ended (Kennedy 1999). These show that more than common interests and balance of power, there is a third factor that governs the relationships among States: ideologies. An ideology is "a set of ideas that are in some logical way related to one another" (Ranney 2001, p. 69-70). Macridis (1992) suggested four criteria to distinguish ideologies from ideas: comprehensiveness, pervasiveness, extensiveness, and intensiveness. Ideologies that are well-developed contain five basic components: values, vision of the ideal polity, conception of human nature, strategy of action, and political tactics. Among the well-known ideologies (Ranney counted at least fifty-five, mostly ending in -ism), this discussion focuses on democracy, one of the most difficult to understand and define because many along the wide spectrum of political ideologies use it to support their aspirations, from left-wing Communists to right-wing Fascists, from liberals to conservatives. What is Democracy Ranney (2001, p. 95) defines democracy as a "form of government organized in accordance with the principles of popular sovereignty, political equality, popular consultation, and majority rule." This definition specifies that there are four principles of democracy (p. 96-98). The principle of popular sovereignty requires that "the ultimate power to make political decisions is vested in all the people rather than in some of them or one of them". The principle of political equality requires that "each adult citizen has the same opportunity as every other adult citizen to participate in the political decision-making process"; this is also known as the "one person, one vote" principle. The popular consultation principle has two requirements: first, there should be an institutional machinery through

Effectiveness of Internet and electronic communiation policy against Essay

Effectiveness of Internet and electronic communiation policy against Canadians - Essay Example Therefore, Canada's place in the world economy requires the best use of ICT and this paper will attempt to study policies, information, and services that relate to Canada and the various benefits that can be derived from use of ICT. With the ability of Canadians to communicate worldwide, new problems arise and innovative solutions are necessary. Rapid developments in telecommunications require new communications and digital and analog systems technologies. Innovations in applied science, particularly in computer systems and applications, are necessary due to economic factors in Canada, which, together with other major countries of the world, are in turmoil. Ryerson University, based in Toronto, is involved in research in all areas of communication. Information and communications technology adoption has been necessary, and ongoing research is investigating the organizational and social implications of what can be called "anytime, anywhere computing" (Ryerson, 2006). This paper will attempt to study the policies, information and services put in place by private and public means and determine the ways in which Canadians can benefit from ongoing global communications systems. Before individuals can access the Internet, they need a service provider (ISP). The purpose of the ISP is to have some economic control over individual Internet use. But once the connection is made, the Internet has expanded to a point where individuals can interact online and offer opinions, suggestions, and product promotions, as well as personal movies, on sites such as MySpace and YouTube, and the Stock Market in Toronto is able to use mobile phones to buy and sell stocks. In fact, it is now possible to hold a global communications command center in one's hand, with voice mail, text mail, caller ID, video, a news banner, and music available 24-7. In addition, the Internet offers online banking and online shopping. There are many ways to go online, but once connected to an ISP, most everyone has Internet Explorer or a facsimile as a method of connecting to different sites online. The major search engine online is Google, with competition from Yahoo, and Ask.com. With so much onli ne freedom, policies are necessary to offer guidelines and easy safe access for Canadian users. Technology can be used to unite society, but it can also divide. Privacy and security are major concerns and related issues require policies that relate to Canada specifically. One particular aspect is the fact that Canada recognizes two major languages-English and French. Therefore, it is important that policies are accessible in both languages. Exactly what are the policies presently in place for Internet users Some areas in which policies have been introduced and are under review are in government online strategy, telecommunications, natural resources, advertising, and issues of personal privacy (Introduction, 2008). Government Online Strategy In 2001, the Canadian government acknowledged that policy should include a citizen focus involving Canadians in the "development, review and evaluation of policies, programs, services,